See cauchemar on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "cauchemar"
},
"expansion": "French cauchemar",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French cauchemar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cauchemars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cauchemar (plural cauchemars)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "en:Folklore",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A demon or witch in French folklore that drains a sleeping person's energy by night."
],
"id": "en-cauchemar-en-noun-eBQsHE8A",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"demon",
"demon"
],
[
"witch",
"witch"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"energy",
"energy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) A demon or witch in French folklore that drains a sleeping person's energy by night."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "cauchemar"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кошмар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: кошмар (košmar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: кошмар (košmar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cauchemar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cauchemar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cauchemar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "koŝmaro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: koŝmaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: koŝmaro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "košmaar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: košmaar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: košmaar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "koshmaro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: koshmaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: koshmaro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "košmaras",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: košmaras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: košmaras"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кошмар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кошмар (košmar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кошмар (košmar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "koszmar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: koszmar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: koszmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "coșmar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: coșmar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: coșmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кошмар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: кошмар (košmar), кошма́ръ (košmár) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Belarusian: кашмар (kašmar)\n→ Georgian: კოშმარი (ḳošmari), კაშმარი (ḳašmari) — nonstandard\n→ Kazakh: кошмар (koşmar)\n→ Polish: koszmar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: кошмар (košmar), кошма́ръ (košmár) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Belarusian: кашмар (kašmar)\n→ Georgian: კოშმარი (ḳošmari), კაშმარი (ḳašmari) — nonstandard\n→ Kazakh: кошмар (koşmar)\n→ Polish: koszmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "košmar",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: košmar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: košmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кошмар",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кошмар",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кошмар"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кошмар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: кошмар (košmar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: кошмар (košmar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "kojmar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Volapük: kojmar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Volapük: kojmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קאָשמאַר",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: קאָשמאַר (koshmar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: קאָשמאַר (koshmar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cauchemare",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French cauchemare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cauchemare"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French cauchemare",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cauquemare"
},
"expansion": "Old French cauquemare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cauque",
"3": "mar",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, cauque + mar",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "tchôcmwår"
},
"expansion": "Walloon tchôcmwår",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cauche",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old French cauche",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcare",
"4": "",
"5": "I trample, tread on"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*marā",
"t": "evil spirit"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *marā (“evil spirit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*marā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *marā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*marǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "nightmare, incubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mor-",
"4": "",
"5": "malicious female spirit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mare",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "English mare",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. By surface analysis, cauque + mar. Compare Walloon tchôcmwår.\n* First element from Old French cauche, from the verb chauchier (“to press”), from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”), from calx (“heel”), of uncertain origin.\n* Second element from Frankish *marā (“evil spirit”), from Proto-West Germanic *marā, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”), from *mer- (“to die”); related to the homograph English mare. More at mare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cauchemars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cauchemar m (plural cauchemars)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cauche‧mar"
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "rêve"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Sleep",
"orig": "fr:Sleep",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cauchemardant"
},
{
"word": "cauchemardement"
},
{
"word": "cauchemarder"
},
{
"word": "cauchemardesque"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I couldn't sleep last night because I had too many nightmares.",
"text": "Je n’ai pas pu dormir hier soir parce que j’ai fait trop de cauchemars.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Was it a dream or a nightmare?",
"text": "C’était un rêve ou un cauchemar?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He was tossing and turning all night, I think [that] he had nightmares.",
"text": "Il a remué toute la nuit, je crois qu’il a fait des cauchemars.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I had an accident this morning! I'm okay but it was a true nightmare!",
"text": "J’ai eu un accident ce matin! Je vais bien mais ça a été un vrai cauchemar!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nightmare"
],
"id": "en-cauchemar-fr-noun-bfpe2Zdh",
"links": [
[
"nightmare",
"nightmare"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔʃ.maʁ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koʃ.maʁ/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-cauchemar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Fr-cauchemar.ogg/Fr-cauchemar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Fr-cauchemar.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "cauchemars"
}
],
"word": "cauchemar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "cauchemar"
},
"expansion": "French cauchemar",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French cauchemar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cauchemars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cauchemar (plural cauchemars)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Folklore"
],
"glosses": [
"A demon or witch in French folklore that drains a sleeping person's energy by night."
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"demon",
"demon"
],
[
"witch",
"witch"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"energy",
"energy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) A demon or witch in French folklore that drains a sleeping person's energy by night."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "cauchemar"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "cauchemardant"
},
{
"word": "cauchemardement"
},
{
"word": "cauchemarder"
},
{
"word": "cauchemardesque"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кошмар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: кошмар (košmar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: кошмар (košmar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cauchemar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cauchemar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cauchemar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "koŝmaro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: koŝmaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: koŝmaro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "košmaar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: košmaar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: košmaar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "koshmaro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: koshmaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: koshmaro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "košmaras",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: košmaras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: košmaras"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кошмар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кошмар (košmar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кошмар (košmar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "koszmar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: koszmar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: koszmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "coșmar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: coșmar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: coșmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кошмар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: кошмар (košmar), кошма́ръ (košmár) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Belarusian: кашмар (kašmar)\n→ Georgian: კოშმარი (ḳošmari), კაშმარი (ḳašmari) — nonstandard\n→ Kazakh: кошмар (koşmar)\n→ Polish: koszmar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: кошмар (košmar), кошма́ръ (košmár) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Belarusian: кашмар (kašmar)\n→ Georgian: კოშმარი (ḳošmari), კაშმარი (ḳašmari) — nonstandard\n→ Kazakh: кошмар (koşmar)\n→ Polish: koszmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "košmar",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: košmar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: košmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кошмар",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кошмар",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кошмар"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кошмар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: кошмар (košmar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: кошмар (košmar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "kojmar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Volapük: kojmar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Volapük: kojmar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קאָשמאַר",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: קאָשמאַר (koshmar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: קאָשמאַר (koshmar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cauchemare",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French cauchemare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cauchemare"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French cauchemare",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cauquemare"
},
"expansion": "Old French cauquemare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cauque",
"3": "mar",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, cauque + mar",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "tchôcmwår"
},
"expansion": "Walloon tchôcmwår",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cauche",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old French cauche",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcare",
"4": "",
"5": "I trample, tread on"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*marā",
"t": "evil spirit"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *marā (“evil spirit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*marā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *marā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*marǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "nightmare, incubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mor-",
"4": "",
"5": "malicious female spirit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mare",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "English mare",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. By surface analysis, cauque + mar. Compare Walloon tchôcmwår.\n* First element from Old French cauche, from the verb chauchier (“to press”), from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”), from calx (“heel”), of uncertain origin.\n* Second element from Frankish *marā (“evil spirit”), from Proto-West Germanic *marā, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”), from *mer- (“to die”); related to the homograph English mare. More at mare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cauchemars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cauchemar m (plural cauchemars)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cauche‧mar"
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "rêve"
}
],
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French links with redundant wikilinks",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mer-",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"French terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Sleep"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I couldn't sleep last night because I had too many nightmares.",
"text": "Je n’ai pas pu dormir hier soir parce que j’ai fait trop de cauchemars.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Was it a dream or a nightmare?",
"text": "C’était un rêve ou un cauchemar?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He was tossing and turning all night, I think [that] he had nightmares.",
"text": "Il a remué toute la nuit, je crois qu’il a fait des cauchemars.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I had an accident this morning! I'm okay but it was a true nightmare!",
"text": "J’ai eu un accident ce matin! Je vais bien mais ça a été un vrai cauchemar!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nightmare"
],
"links": [
[
"nightmare",
"nightmare"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔʃ.maʁ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koʃ.maʁ/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-cauchemar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Fr-cauchemar.ogg/Fr-cauchemar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Fr-cauchemar.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "cauchemars"
}
],
"word": "cauchemar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cauchemar meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.