See buckram on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unbuckramed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bukeram",
"4": "",
"5": "fine linen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "bokeram"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman bokeram",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "boquerant"
},
"expansion": "Old French boquerant",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”), from Anglo-Norman bokeram, from Old French boquerant, bougherant (“fine cloth”), bougueran, probably ultimately from Bokhara, a city in southeastern Uzbekistan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buckrams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 38 12",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 38 10",
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{
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"_dis": "43 44 13",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 38 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 12 46 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:",
"text": "Four rogues in buckram let drive at me—",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 557:",
"text": "Buckram was probably from the first a stiffened material employed for lining, often dyed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A coarse cloth of cotton, linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in bookbinding to cover and protect the books, in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise."
],
"id": "en-buckram-en-noun-Lo2eJOPN",
"links": [
[
"cotton",
"cotton"
],
[
"linen",
"linen"
],
[
"hemp",
"hemp"
],
[
"size",
"size#English:_glue"
],
[
"bookbinding",
"bookbinding"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cloth",
"word": "jäykistekangas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cloth",
"word": "kovikekangas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cloth",
"topics": [
"clothing",
"textiles",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"business"
],
"word": "tukikangas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cloth",
"topics": [
"bookbinding",
"crafts",
"arts",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "klootti"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cloth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bougran"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kolenkór",
"sense": "cloth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коленко́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "cloth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klot"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 41 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 44 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 12 46 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A crab that has just molted; a papershell."
],
"id": "en-buckram-en-noun-QwZQHFZt",
"links": [
[
"papershell",
"papershell"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌkɹəm/"
}
],
"word": "buckram"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bukeram",
"4": "",
"5": "fine linen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "bokeram"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman bokeram",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "boquerant"
},
"expansion": "Old French boquerant",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”), from Anglo-Norman bokeram, from Old French boquerant, bougherant (“fine cloth”), bougueran, probably ultimately from Bokhara, a city in southeastern Uzbekistan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buckrams",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "buckraming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "buckramed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buckramed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buckrammed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buckrammed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "buckrammed"
},
"expansion": "buckram (third-person singular simple present buckrams, present participle buckraming, simple past and past participle buckramed or buckrammed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 41 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 44 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stiffen with or as if with buckram."
],
"id": "en-buckram-en-verb-AKauhWk5",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stiffen with or as if with buckram."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌkɹəm/"
}
],
"word": "buckram"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "buck",
"3": "ramson",
"alt2": "ramps, ramsh",
"t2": "wild garlic, ramson"
},
"expansion": "buck + ramps, ramsh (“wild garlic, ramson”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ramsløg",
"3": "",
"4": "ramson"
},
"expansion": "Danish ramsløg (“ramson”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ramslök",
"3": "",
"4": "bear garlic, ramson"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ramslök (“bear garlic, ramson”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps a back-formation from earlier buckrams, from buck + ramps, ramsh (“wild garlic, ramson”). Compare Danish ramsløg (“ramson”), Swedish ramslök (“bear garlic, ramson”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buckrams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buckram (plural buckrams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 26 51 5",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 26 52 2",
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"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "19 25 53 3",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 25 56 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 12 46 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant, Allium ursinum, also called ramson, wild garlic, or bear garlic."
],
"id": "en-buckram-en-noun-HUZ172Nk",
"links": [
[
"Allium ursinum",
"Allium ursinum#Translingual"
],
[
"ramson",
"ramson"
],
[
"wild garlic",
"wild garlic"
],
[
"bear garlic",
"bear garlic"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ramp"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buckrams"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌkɹəm/"
}
],
"word": "buckram"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Fabrics"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "unbuckramed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bukeram",
"4": "",
"5": "fine linen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "bokeram"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman bokeram",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "boquerant"
},
"expansion": "Old French boquerant",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”), from Anglo-Norman bokeram, from Old French boquerant, bougherant (“fine cloth”), bougueran, probably ultimately from Bokhara, a city in southeastern Uzbekistan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buckrams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"1": "-",
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},
"expansion": "buckram (usually uncountable, plural buckrams)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:",
"text": "Four rogues in buckram let drive at me—",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 557:",
"text": "Buckram was probably from the first a stiffened material employed for lining, often dyed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A coarse cloth of cotton, linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in bookbinding to cover and protect the books, in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise."
],
"links": [
[
"cotton",
"cotton"
],
[
"linen",
"linen"
],
[
"hemp",
"hemp"
],
[
"size",
"size#English:_glue"
],
[
"bookbinding",
"bookbinding"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A crab that has just molted; a papershell."
],
"links": [
[
"papershell",
"papershell"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌkɹəm/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cloth",
"word": "jäykistekangas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cloth",
"word": "kovikekangas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cloth",
"topics": [
"clothing",
"textiles",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"business"
],
"word": "tukikangas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cloth",
"topics": [
"bookbinding",
"crafts",
"arts",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "klootti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cloth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bougran"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kolenkór",
"sense": "cloth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коленко́р"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "cloth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klot"
}
],
"word": "buckram"
}
{
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"English back-formations",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Fabrics"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bukeram",
"4": "",
"5": "fine linen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "bokeram"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman bokeram",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "boquerant"
},
"expansion": "Old French boquerant",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”), from Anglo-Norman bokeram, from Old French boquerant, bougherant (“fine cloth”), bougueran, probably ultimately from Bokhara, a city in southeastern Uzbekistan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buckrams",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "buckraming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "buckramed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buckramed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buckrammed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "buckrammed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "buckrammed"
},
"expansion": "buckram (third-person singular simple present buckrams, present participle buckraming, simple past and past participle buckramed or buckrammed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To stiffen with or as if with buckram."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stiffen with or as if with buckram."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌkɹəm/"
}
],
"word": "buckram"
}
{
"categories": [
"English back-formations",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Fabrics"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "buck",
"3": "ramson",
"alt2": "ramps, ramsh",
"t2": "wild garlic, ramson"
},
"expansion": "buck + ramps, ramsh (“wild garlic, ramson”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ramsløg",
"3": "",
"4": "ramson"
},
"expansion": "Danish ramsløg (“ramson”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ramslök",
"3": "",
"4": "bear garlic, ramson"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ramslök (“bear garlic, ramson”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps a back-formation from earlier buckrams, from buck + ramps, ramsh (“wild garlic, ramson”). Compare Danish ramsløg (“ramson”), Swedish ramslök (“bear garlic, ramson”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buckrams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buckram (plural buckrams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ramp"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A plant, Allium ursinum, also called ramson, wild garlic, or bear garlic."
],
"links": [
[
"Allium ursinum",
"Allium ursinum#Translingual"
],
[
"ramson",
"ramson"
],
[
"wild garlic",
"wild garlic"
],
[
"bear garlic",
"bear garlic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌkɹəm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buckrams"
}
],
"word": "buckram"
}
Download raw JSONL data for buckram meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.