See bridd on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brid",
"3": "bryd",
"4": "bridde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: brid, bryd, bridde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: brid, bryd, bridde"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bird"
},
"expansion": "English: bird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bird"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "byrd",
"3": "bird"
},
"expansion": "Scots: byrd, bird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: byrd, bird"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*bridi ~ *briddj-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bridi ~ *briddj-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bridjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bridjaz",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "English rooster",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bred",
"t": "board, plank, tablet"
},
"expansion": "Old English bred (“board, plank, tablet”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; the word appears to be exclusive to Old English and lacks cognates in any other Germanic languages. Liberman notes that dozens of origins have been both suggested and rejected, leaving its original meaning and etymology a mystery. It might possibly be from a non-Indo-European substrate, with a likely onomatopoeic origin.\nFormally, the word may lead back to a Proto-West Germanic *bridi ~ *briddj-, possibly to Proto-Germanic *bridjaz, a derivative of *bredą (“board, plank, shelf\", possibly also \"perch, roost”), and may have therefore been used of young birds or fowl that were fledged and able to perch but not yet able to fly (i.e. \"perch-ling\", or \"roost-ling\"; compare modern English rooster, bougher, brancher, etc.), as opposed to fugol ~ fuglas the term for birds that were able to fly. If so, then possibly related to Old English bred (“board, plank, tablet”). Otherwise, the derivation remains unclear.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bridd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "briddas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bridd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "briddas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "briddes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bridda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bridde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "briddum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brid",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bird",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bridd m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bridd m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bridd"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bridd",
"2": "briddas",
"3": "bridd",
"4": "briddas",
"5": "briddes",
"6": "bridda",
"7": "bridde",
"8": "briddum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "ang:Baby animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "ang:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chick (a young bird or fledgling, as opposed to an altricial chick or hatchling)"
],
"id": "en-bridd-ang-noun-hpsuUYjg",
"links": [
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"fledgling",
"fledgling#English"
],
[
"altricial",
"altricial#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chicken"
],
"id": "en-bridd-ang-noun-gR64G50R",
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bridd/"
},
{
"ipa": "[brid]"
}
],
"word": "bridd"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pridd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "bridd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhridd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "phridd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "bridd m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pridd"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pridd"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of pridd."
],
"id": "en-bridd-cy-noun-ugwcq0Yo",
"links": [
[
"pridd",
"pridd#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"word": "bridd"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from substrate languages",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Baby animals",
"ang:Birds"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brid",
"3": "bryd",
"4": "bridde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: brid, bryd, bridde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: brid, bryd, bridde"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bird"
},
"expansion": "English: bird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bird"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "byrd",
"3": "bird"
},
"expansion": "Scots: byrd, bird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: byrd, bird"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*bridi ~ *briddj-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bridi ~ *briddj-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bridjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bridjaz",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "English rooster",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bred",
"t": "board, plank, tablet"
},
"expansion": "Old English bred (“board, plank, tablet”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; the word appears to be exclusive to Old English and lacks cognates in any other Germanic languages. Liberman notes that dozens of origins have been both suggested and rejected, leaving its original meaning and etymology a mystery. It might possibly be from a non-Indo-European substrate, with a likely onomatopoeic origin.\nFormally, the word may lead back to a Proto-West Germanic *bridi ~ *briddj-, possibly to Proto-Germanic *bridjaz, a derivative of *bredą (“board, plank, shelf\", possibly also \"perch, roost”), and may have therefore been used of young birds or fowl that were fledged and able to perch but not yet able to fly (i.e. \"perch-ling\", or \"roost-ling\"; compare modern English rooster, bougher, brancher, etc.), as opposed to fugol ~ fuglas the term for birds that were able to fly. If so, then possibly related to Old English bred (“board, plank, tablet”). Otherwise, the derivation remains unclear.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bridd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "briddas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bridd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "briddas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "briddes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bridda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bridde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "briddum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brid",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bird",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bridd m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bridd m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bridd"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bridd",
"2": "briddas",
"3": "bridd",
"4": "briddas",
"5": "briddes",
"6": "bridda",
"7": "bridde",
"8": "briddum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chick (a young bird or fledgling, as opposed to an altricial chick or hatchling)"
],
"links": [
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"fledgling",
"fledgling#English"
],
[
"altricial",
"altricial#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chicken"
],
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bridd/"
},
{
"ipa": "[brid]"
}
],
"word": "bridd"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pridd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "bridd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhridd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "phridd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "bridd m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pridd"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pridd"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of pridd."
],
"links": [
[
"pridd",
"pridd#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"word": "bridd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bridd meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bridd/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"bridd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bridd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bridd/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"bridd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bridd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bridd/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"bridd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bridd",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.