See besturen on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "besturing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bestuur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bestuurder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bestuurster"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "bestuur"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: bestuur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: bestuur"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "be",
"3": "sturen"
},
"expansion": "be- + sturen",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From be- + sturen. Arose as a Northern Dutch variant of bestieren.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "besturen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "besturen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "besturen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "besture",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "besturen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "besturend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "besturen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"be‧stu‧ren"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stuur",
"2": "sture",
"pref": "be"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He steers the ship with precision through the narrow canals.",
"text": "Hij bestuurt het schip met precisie door de smalle grachten.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to steer"
],
"id": "en-besturen-nl-verb-RXXxQEqS",
"links": [
[
"steer",
"steer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to steer"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The mechanic operates the machines in the factory.",
"text": "De monteur bestuurt de machines in de fabriek.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to operate"
],
"id": "en-besturen-nl-verb-E9oNVfqq",
"links": [
[
"operate",
"operate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to operate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She has been driving trucks over long distances for many years.",
"text": "Ze bestuurt al jarenlang vrachtwagens over lange afstanden.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive (e.g. a car or vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-besturen-nl-verb-vsCCOe9C",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to drive (e.g. a car or vehicle)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 19 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 15 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 11 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The president governs the country with a strong leadership style.",
"text": "De president bestuurt het land met een sterke leiderschapsstijl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to govern"
],
"id": "en-besturen-nl-verb-TOvsG~GR",
"links": [
[
"govern",
"govern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to govern"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəˈstyrə(n)/"
},
{
"ipa": "[bəˈstyːrə(n)]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-besturen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Nl-besturen.ogg/Nl-besturen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Nl-besturen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-yrən"
}
],
"word": "besturen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixed verbs",
"Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
"Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/yrən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/yrən/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "besturing"
},
{
"word": "bestuur"
},
{
"word": "bestuurder"
},
{
"word": "bestuurster"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "bestuur"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: bestuur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: bestuur"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "be",
"3": "sturen"
},
"expansion": "be- + sturen",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From be- + sturen. Arose as a Northern Dutch variant of bestieren.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "besturen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "besturen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "besturen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "besture",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "besturen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "besturend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestuurd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "besturen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"be‧stu‧ren"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stuur",
"2": "sture",
"pref": "be"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He steers the ship with precision through the narrow canals.",
"text": "Hij bestuurt het schip met precisie door de smalle grachten.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to steer"
],
"links": [
[
"steer",
"steer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to steer"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The mechanic operates the machines in the factory.",
"text": "De monteur bestuurt de machines in de fabriek.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to operate"
],
"links": [
[
"operate",
"operate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to operate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She has been driving trucks over long distances for many years.",
"text": "Ze bestuurt al jarenlang vrachtwagens over lange afstanden.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive (e.g. a car or vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to drive (e.g. a car or vehicle)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The president governs the country with a strong leadership style.",
"text": "De president bestuurt het land met een sterke leiderschapsstijl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to govern"
],
"links": [
[
"govern",
"govern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to govern"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəˈstyrə(n)/"
},
{
"ipa": "[bəˈstyːrə(n)]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-besturen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Nl-besturen.ogg/Nl-besturen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Nl-besturen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-yrən"
}
],
"word": "besturen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for besturen meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.