"běditi" meaning in All languages combined

See běditi on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: Presumably from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti, with some of the meanings possibly from an alternative origin. Trubachev considers a convergence of proper *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”) from *běda and secondary *bisti/*biditi → *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”) (attested in Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)). Considered in the past (by Hirt, Meillet) a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), but per Vasmer more likely just a cognate. Etymology templates: {{affix|sla-pro|*běda|*-iti|t1=trouble, calamity}} *běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti, {{m|sla-pro|*běditi||to defeat, to compel}} *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”), {{m|sla-pro|*běda}} *běda, {{m|sla-pro|*bisti}} *bisti, {{m|sla-pro|*biditi}} *biditi, {{m|sla-pro|*běditi||to persuade, to exhort}} *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”), {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*bʰéydʰeti||to persuade}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”), {{cog|grc|πείθω||to convice, to pursuade}} Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”), {{cog|got|𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽||to compel|tr=baidjan}} Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”) Inflection templates: {{sla-conj|impf|-1|ap=b}} Forms: bě̄dìti [canonical, imperfective], imperfective [table-tags], b [accent-paradigm], běďenьje [noun-from-verb], běditi [infinitive], běditъ [supine], bědilъ [l-participle], imperfective [table-tags], b [accent-paradigm], běďenъ [participle, passive, past], bědimъ [participle, passive, present], běďь [active, participle, past], bědę [active, participle, present], imperfective [table-tags], b [accent-paradigm], bědixъ [aorist, first-person, singular], bědi [aorist, second-person, singular], bědi [aorist, singular, third-person], běďǫ [first-person, present, singular], bědiši [present, second-person, singular], běditь [present, singular, third-person], bědixově [aorist, dual, first-person], bědista [aorist, dual, second-person], bědiste [aorist, dual, third-person], bědivě [dual, first-person, present], bědita [dual, present, second-person], bědite [dual, present, third-person], bědixomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], bědiste [aorist, plural, second-person], bědišę [aorist, plural, third-person], bědimъ [first-person, plural, present], bědite [plural, present, second-person], bědętь [plural, present, third-person], běďaaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], běďaaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], běďaaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], bědi [imperative, second-person, singular], bědi [imperative, singular, third-person], běďaaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], běďaašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], běďaašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], bědivě [dual, first-person, imperative], bědita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], běďaaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], běďaašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], běďaaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], bědimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], bědite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to defeat, to bring calamity Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-běditi-sla-pro-verb-F-k7IT0H
  2. to compel, to coerce, to make to oblige Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *prinuditi
    Sense id: en-běditi-sla-pro-verb-w98CPqTN
  3. to persuade, to exhort, to talk someone into (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb) Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *sъvěťati
    Sense id: en-běditi-sla-pro-verb-mOhzafXg Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti, Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-, Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm b Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 4 5 45 45 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti: 3 3 45 49 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-: 5 4 45 46 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm b: 5 4 45 46
  4. to accuse, to slander, to badmouth (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb) Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *klevetiti, *zъlosloviti
    Sense id: en-běditi-sla-pro-verb-R13nVPg9 Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti, Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-, Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm b Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 4 5 45 45 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti: 3 3 45 49 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-: 5 4 45 46 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm b: 5 4 45 46
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: naběditi [perfective], naběděvati (english: to defame, to slender, to calumniate) [imperfective], naběďavati (english: to defame, to slender, to calumniate) [imperfective], poběditi [perfective], poěďavati (english: to defeat) [imperfective], uběditi [perfective], uběďavati (english: to convince, to persuade) [imperfective]

Download JSON data for běditi meaning in All languages combined (12.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "naběditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to defame, to slender, to calumniate",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "naběděvati"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to defame, to slender, to calumniate",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "naběďavati"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "poběditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to defeat",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "poěďavati"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uběditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to convince, to persuade",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uběďavati"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "беди́ть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "біди́ти",
            "t": "to cuss"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "бѣдити",
            "t": "to persuade, to force"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "бедя́",
            "t": "to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "беди",
            "t": "to slander"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "bijèditi"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "bíditi",
            "3": "běditi",
            "qq": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: bíditi, běditi (obsolete)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: bíditi, běditi (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "biedzić"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: biedzić",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: biedzić"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "biedzić",
            "t": "to trouble smb or oneself"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: biedzić (“to trouble smb or oneself”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: biedzić (“to trouble smb or oneself”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "biediť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: biediť",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: biediť"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*běda",
        "3": "*-iti",
        "t1": "trouble, calamity"
      },
      "expansion": "*běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*běditi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to defeat, to compel"
      },
      "expansion": "*běditi (“to defeat, to compel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*běda"
      },
      "expansion": "*běda",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*bisti"
      },
      "expansion": "*bisti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*biditi"
      },
      "expansion": "*biditi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*běditi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to persuade, to exhort"
      },
      "expansion": "*běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰéydʰeti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to persuade"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πείθω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to convice, to pursuade"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to compel",
        "tr": "baidjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Presumably from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti, with some of the meanings possibly from an alternative origin. Trubachev considers a convergence of proper *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”) from *běda and secondary *bisti/*biditi → *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”) (attested in Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)).\nConsidered in the past (by Hirt, Meillet) a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), but per Vasmer more likely just a cognate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bě̄dìti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďenьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běditi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běditъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědilъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďenъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědixъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědiši",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běditь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědixově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědiste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědixomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědiste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědišę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědętь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běditi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to defeat, to bring calamity"
      ],
      "id": "en-běditi-sla-pro-verb-F-k7IT0H",
      "links": [
        [
          "defeat",
          "defeat"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to compel, to coerce, to make to oblige"
      ],
      "id": "en-běditi-sla-pro-verb-w98CPqTN",
      "links": [
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ],
        [
          "coerce",
          "coerce"
        ],
        [
          "oblige",
          "oblige"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*prinuditi"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 45 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 45 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 45 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 45 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to persuade, to exhort, to talk someone into (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)"
      ],
      "id": "en-běditi-sla-pro-verb-mOhzafXg",
      "links": [
        [
          "persuade",
          "persuade"
        ],
        [
          "exhort",
          "exhort"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ],
        [
          "into",
          "into"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*sъvěťati"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 45 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 45 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 45 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 45 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to accuse, to slander, to badmouth (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)"
      ],
      "id": "en-běditi-sla-pro-verb-R13nVPg9",
      "links": [
        [
          "accuse",
          "accuse"
        ],
        [
          "slander",
          "slander"
        ],
        [
          "badmouth",
          "badmouth"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*klevetiti"
        },
        {
          "word": "*zъlosloviti"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "běditi"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti",
    "Proto-Slavic verbs",
    "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
    "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm b",
    "sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
    "sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "naběditi"
    },
    {
      "english": "to defame, to slender, to calumniate",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "naběděvati"
    },
    {
      "english": "to defame, to slender, to calumniate",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "naběďavati"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "poběditi"
    },
    {
      "english": "to defeat",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "poěďavati"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uběditi"
    },
    {
      "english": "to convince, to persuade",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uběďavati"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "беди́ть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "біди́ти",
            "t": "to cuss"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "бѣдити",
            "t": "to persuade, to force"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "бедя́",
            "t": "to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "беди",
            "t": "to slander"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "bijèditi"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "bíditi",
            "3": "běditi",
            "qq": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: bíditi, běditi (obsolete)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: bíditi, běditi (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "biedzić"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: biedzić",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: biedzić"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "biedzić",
            "t": "to trouble smb or oneself"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: biedzić (“to trouble smb or oneself”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: biedzić (“to trouble smb or oneself”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "biediť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: biediť",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: biediť"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*běda",
        "3": "*-iti",
        "t1": "trouble, calamity"
      },
      "expansion": "*běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*běditi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to defeat, to compel"
      },
      "expansion": "*běditi (“to defeat, to compel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*běda"
      },
      "expansion": "*běda",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*bisti"
      },
      "expansion": "*bisti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*biditi"
      },
      "expansion": "*biditi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*běditi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to persuade, to exhort"
      },
      "expansion": "*běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰéydʰeti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to persuade"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πείθω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to convice, to pursuade"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to compel",
        "tr": "baidjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Presumably from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti, with some of the meanings possibly from an alternative origin. Trubachev considers a convergence of proper *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”) from *běda and secondary *bisti/*biditi → *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”) (attested in Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)).\nConsidered in the past (by Hirt, Meillet) a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), but per Vasmer more likely just a cognate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bě̄dìti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďenьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běditi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běditъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědilъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďenъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědixъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědiši",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běditь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědixově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědiste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědixomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědiste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědišę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědętь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "běďaaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bědite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běditi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to defeat, to bring calamity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defeat",
          "defeat"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to compel, to coerce, to make to oblige"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ],
        [
          "coerce",
          "coerce"
        ],
        [
          "oblige",
          "oblige"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*prinuditi"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to persuade, to exhort, to talk someone into (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "persuade",
          "persuade"
        ],
        [
          "exhort",
          "exhort"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ],
        [
          "into",
          "into"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*sъvěťati"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to accuse, to slander, to badmouth (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "accuse",
          "accuse"
        ],
        [
          "slander",
          "slander"
        ],
        [
          "badmouth",
          "badmouth"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*klevetiti"
        },
        {
          "word": "*zъlosloviti"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "běditi"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.