See aswang on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for aswang meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswangs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "aswang (plural aswangs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology"
],
"id": "en-aswang-en-noun-logtWmE5",
"links": [
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
]
]
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "noun",
"head": "aswáng"
},
"expansion": "aswáng",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧wang"
],
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bikol Central entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "bcl",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "bcl:Folklore",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"id": "en-aswang-bcl-noun-iIJencd1",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"aswang",
"aswang#English"
],
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting#English"
],
[
"evil",
"evil#English"
],
[
"creature",
"creature#English"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine#English"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔasˈwaŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔasˈwaŋ]"
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aswáng"
},
"expansion": "aswáng",
"name": "ceb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧wang"
],
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ceb",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "ceb:Folklore",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 29 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cebuano entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 28 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cebuano terms without Badlit script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"id": "en-aswang-ceb-noun-iIJencd1",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"aswang",
"aswang#English"
],
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting#English"
],
[
"evil",
"evil#English"
],
[
"creature",
"creature#English"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine#English"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 28 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cebuano terms without Badlit script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a person who acts or has the characteristics of an aswang"
],
"id": "en-aswang-ceb-noun-Fww1HdM6",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous, somewhat offensive) a person who acts or has the characteristics of an aswang"
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔasˈwaŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʌs̪ˈwaŋ]"
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From taas + suwang. By rhyming.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aswáng"
},
"expansion": "aswáng",
"name": "ceb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧wang"
],
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 28 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cebuano terms without Badlit script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"someone who has an extended chin"
],
"id": "en-aswang-ceb-noun-5m~9Myz-",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"extended",
"extended"
],
[
"chin",
"chin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous, somewhat offensive) someone who has an extended chin"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "babalu"
}
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔasˈwaŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʌs̪ˈwaŋ]"
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aswáng"
},
"expansion": "aswáng",
"name": "hil-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiligaynon terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [
"Pronunciation templates",
"Templates"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "hil",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "hil:Folklore",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "hil",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "hil:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"id": "en-aswang-hil-noun-iIJencd1",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"aswang",
"aswang#English"
],
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting#English"
],
[
"evil",
"evil#English"
],
[
"creature",
"creature#English"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine#English"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore, mythology) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akl",
"2": "aswang"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon aswang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "aswang"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano aswang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "aswang"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon aswang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ason",
"3": "",
"4": "evil spirit of the night"
},
"expansion": "Malay ason (“evil spirit of the night”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "suangi"
},
"expansion": "Malay suangi",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sa:असुर",
"3": "-ng"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit असुर (asura) + -ng",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Greater Central Philippine *aswang (“witch”). Compare Aklanon aswang, Cebuano aswang, Hiligaynon aswang, and Malay ason (“evil spirit of the night”). See also Malay suangi. Possibly related to Sanskrit असुर (asura) + -ng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜀᜐ᜔ᜏᜅ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aswáng",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "aswáng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜏᜅ᜔)",
"name": "tl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧wang"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms suffixed with -ng",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tl",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "tl:Folklore",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tl",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "tl:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aswangin"
},
{
"word": "mag-aswang"
},
{
"word": "pag-aswangan"
},
{
"word": "umaswang"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"id": "en-aswang-tl-noun-iIJencd1",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"aswang",
"aswang#English"
],
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting#English"
],
[
"evil",
"evil#English"
],
[
"creature",
"creature#English"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine#English"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore, mythology) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "manananggal"
},
{
"word": "wakwak"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "asuvang"
},
{
"word": "Spanish-based orthography"
},
{
"word": "asuang"
},
{
"word": "asuwang"
},
{
"word": "uswang"
}
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔasˈwaŋ/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɐsˈwaŋ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aŋ"
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "noun",
"head": "aswáng"
},
"expansion": "aswáng",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧wang"
],
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bikol Central entries with incorrect language header",
"Bikol Central lemmas",
"Bikol Central nouns",
"Bikol Central terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bikol Central terms with audio links",
"bcl:Folklore"
],
"glosses": [
"aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"aswang",
"aswang#English"
],
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting#English"
],
[
"evil",
"evil#English"
],
[
"creature",
"creature#English"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine#English"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔasˈwaŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔasˈwaŋ]"
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cebuano entries with incorrect language header",
"Cebuano lemmas",
"Cebuano nouns",
"Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Cebuano terms with unknown etymologies",
"Cebuano terms without Badlit script"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aswáng"
},
"expansion": "aswáng",
"name": "ceb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧wang"
],
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ceb:Folklore"
],
"glosses": [
"aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"aswang",
"aswang#English"
],
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting#English"
],
[
"evil",
"evil#English"
],
[
"creature",
"creature#English"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine#English"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Cebuano humorous terms",
"Cebuano offensive terms"
],
"glosses": [
"a person who acts or has the characteristics of an aswang"
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous, somewhat offensive) a person who acts or has the characteristics of an aswang"
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔasˈwaŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʌs̪ˈwaŋ]"
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cebuano entries with incorrect language header",
"Cebuano lemmas",
"Cebuano nouns",
"Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Cebuano terms without Badlit script"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From taas + suwang. By rhyming.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aswáng"
},
"expansion": "aswáng",
"name": "ceb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧wang"
],
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cebuano humorous terms",
"Cebuano offensive terms"
],
"glosses": [
"someone who has an extended chin"
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"extended",
"extended"
],
[
"chin",
"chin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous, somewhat offensive) someone who has an extended chin"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "babalu"
}
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔasˈwaŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʌs̪ˈwaŋ]"
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswangs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "aswang (plural aswangs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology"
],
"links": [
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
]
]
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aswáng"
},
"expansion": "aswáng",
"name": "hil-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"Hiligaynon lemmas",
"Hiligaynon nouns",
"Hiligaynon terms without pronunciation template",
"hil:Folklore",
"hil:Mythological creatures"
],
"glosses": [
"aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"aswang",
"aswang#English"
],
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting#English"
],
[
"evil",
"evil#English"
],
[
"creature",
"creature#English"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine#English"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore, mythology) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "aswangin"
},
{
"word": "mag-aswang"
},
{
"word": "pag-aswangan"
},
{
"word": "umaswang"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akl",
"2": "aswang"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon aswang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "aswang"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano aswang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "aswang"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon aswang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ason",
"3": "",
"4": "evil spirit of the night"
},
"expansion": "Malay ason (“evil spirit of the night”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "suangi"
},
"expansion": "Malay suangi",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sa:असुर",
"3": "-ng"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit असुर (asura) + -ng",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Greater Central Philippine *aswang (“witch”). Compare Aklanon aswang, Cebuano aswang, Hiligaynon aswang, and Malay ason (“evil spirit of the night”). See also Malay suangi. Possibly related to Sanskrit असुर (asura) + -ng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aswáng",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜀᜐ᜔ᜏᜅ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aswáng",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "aswáng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜏᜅ᜔)",
"name": "tl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧wang"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "manananggal"
},
{
"word": "wakwak"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Tagalog/aŋ",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/aŋ/2 syllables",
"Tagalog 2-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog nouns",
"Tagalog terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Tagalog terms suffixed with -ng",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"tl:Folklore",
"tl:Mythological creatures"
],
"glosses": [
"aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"aswang",
"aswang#English"
],
[
"shapeshifting",
"shapeshifting#English"
],
[
"evil",
"evil#English"
],
[
"creature",
"creature#English"
],
[
"Philippine",
"Philippine#English"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore, mythology) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔasˈwaŋ/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɐsˈwaŋ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aŋ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "asuvang"
},
{
"word": "Spanish-based orthography"
},
{
"word": "asuang"
},
{
"word": "asuwang"
},
{
"word": "uswang"
}
],
"word": "aswang"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.