See araf on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "araf"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: araf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: araf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*aramo-",
"4": "",
"5": "quiet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *aramo- (“quiet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁r̥h₃-mo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₃-mo-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₃-",
"t": "rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₃- (“rest”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ईरमा",
"t": "to keep still",
"tr": "īrmā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρωή",
"t": "rest"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ruhe",
"t": "rest"
},
"expansion": "German Ruhe (“rest”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *aramo- (“quiet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₃-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₃- (“rest”). Cognate with Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”), रात्री (rātrī, “night”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”), German Ruhe (“rest”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "araf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "haraf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "araf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "slowness",
"word": "araueð"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slow, leisurely"
],
"id": "en-araf-wlm-adj-9vj-zT~z",
"links": [
[
"slow",
"slow"
],
[
"leisurely",
"leisurely"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈarav/"
}
],
"word": "araf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "اعراف",
"tr": "araf"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish اعراف (araf)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ar",
"3": "أَعْرَاف",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "Arabic أَعْرَاف (ʔaʕrāf)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish اعراف (araf), from Arabic أَعْرَاف (ʔaʕrāf), plural of عُرْف (ʕurf, “crest, height”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "arafı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "arafı",
"5": "uncountable",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "-",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "araf (definite accusative arafı, uncountable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ı",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "araf (definite accusative arafı, uncountable)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Islam",
"orig": "tr:Islam",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "tr:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A'raf, a limbo realm between Heaven and Hell inhabited by those whose sins and virtues are evenly balanced."
],
"id": "en-araf-tr-noun-6WkA6Zhi",
"links": [
[
"limbo",
"limbo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Islam) A'raf, a limbo realm between Heaven and Hell inhabited by those whose sins and virtues are evenly balanced."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"purgatory"
],
"id": "en-araf-tr-noun-2Q1FyepN",
"links": [
[
"purgatory",
"purgatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"tr:araf"
],
"word": "araf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "araf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh araf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh araf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "araf",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "araf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arafed",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "arafach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "arafaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "araf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "haraf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach"
},
"expansion": "araf (feminine singular araf, plural araf, equative arafed, comparative arafach, superlative arafaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "arafaidd"
},
{
"english": "slowish",
"word": "arafus"
},
{
"english": "to slow down",
"word": "arafu"
},
{
"english": "slowness",
"word": "arafwch"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Speak slowly please.",
"text": "Siaradwch yn araf os gwelwch yn dda.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slow"
],
"id": "en-araf-cy-adj-Xgz3vR36",
"links": [
[
"slow",
"slow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈarav/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈara/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa(ː)rav/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "araf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "slowness",
"word": "araueð"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "araf"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: araf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: araf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*aramo-",
"4": "",
"5": "quiet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *aramo- (“quiet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁r̥h₃-mo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₃-mo-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₃-",
"t": "rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₃- (“rest”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ईरमा",
"t": "to keep still",
"tr": "īrmā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρωή",
"t": "rest"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ruhe",
"t": "rest"
},
"expansion": "German Ruhe (“rest”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *aramo- (“quiet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₃-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₃- (“rest”). Cognate with Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”), रात्री (rātrī, “night”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”), German Ruhe (“rest”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "araf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "haraf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "araf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh adjectives",
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"slow, leisurely"
],
"links": [
[
"slow",
"slow"
],
[
"leisurely",
"leisurely"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈarav/"
}
],
"word": "araf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from Arabic",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"tr:Religion"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "اعراف",
"tr": "araf"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish اعراف (araf)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ar",
"3": "أَعْرَاف",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "Arabic أَعْرَاف (ʔaʕrāf)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish اعراف (araf), from Arabic أَعْرَاف (ʔaʕrāf), plural of عُرْف (ʕurf, “crest, height”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "arafı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "arafı",
"5": "uncountable",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "-",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "araf (definite accusative arafı, uncountable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ı",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "araf (definite accusative arafı, uncountable)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"tr:Islam"
],
"glosses": [
"A'raf, a limbo realm between Heaven and Hell inhabited by those whose sins and virtues are evenly balanced."
],
"links": [
[
"limbo",
"limbo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Islam) A'raf, a limbo realm between Heaven and Hell inhabited by those whose sins and virtues are evenly balanced."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"purgatory"
],
"links": [
[
"purgatory",
"purgatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"tr:araf"
],
"word": "araf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "arafaidd"
},
{
"english": "slowish",
"word": "arafus"
},
{
"english": "to slow down",
"word": "arafu"
},
{
"english": "slowness",
"word": "arafwch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "araf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh araf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh araf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "araf",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "araf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arafed",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "arafach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "arafaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "araf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "haraf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach"
},
"expansion": "araf (feminine singular araf, plural araf, equative arafed, comparative arafach, superlative arafaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Speak slowly please.",
"text": "Siaradwch yn araf os gwelwch yn dda.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slow"
],
"links": [
[
"slow",
"slow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈarav/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈara/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa(ː)rav/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "araf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for araf meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: araf/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"araf"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "araf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: araf/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"araf"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "araf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: araf/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"araf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "araf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: araf/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"araf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "araf",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.