"anti-Judaism" meaning in All languages combined

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          "ref": "1836, David Meredith Reese, “Thoughts on the present aspect of the Roman Catholic Controversy”, in Leonard Woods, Charles D. Pigeon, editors, Literary and Theological Review, volume 3, New York: Ezra Collier, page 648",
          "text": "And yet they did not form Anti-Judaism, or Anti-Gentileism, nor yet anti-sin societies, but acted upon the principle that truth was omnipotent against errour, and therefore “preached Jesus and the resurrection.” as the all-sufficient moral engine for the conversion of the world.",
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          "ref": "2023 October 1, David M. Freidenreich, Jewish Muslims: How Christians Imagined Islam as the Enemy, Oakland, California: University of California Press, →LCCN, page 4",
          "text": "Anti-Judaism, as defined here, differs in several crucial respects from its more familiar cousin, antisemitism. Most fundamentally, the discourse of antisemitism asserts that Jews are inherently different from non-Jews in negative ways, while the discourse of anti-Judaism urges audiences to differentiate themselves from Jews precisely because it recognizes that the characteristics of Jews and non-Jews are often not so different after all. The simple current definition states that “Antisemitism is discrimination, prejudice, hostility, or violence against Jews as Jews (or Jewish intuitions as Jewish).”⁴ Anti-Judaism, in contrast, seeks to motivate self-improvement through the cultivation of beliefs and practices opposed to those that the polemicist brands as Jewish. Antisemitic rhetoric specifically targets Jews; anti-Jewish rhetoric instead targets all who bear purportedly Jewish characteristics, especially non-Jews. Although antisemitism and anti-Judaism both seek to minimize the influence of Jewishness within society, antisemitism condemns what Jews are while anti-Judaism condemns what certain people do or think.",
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      "word": "antijudaism"
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  "word": "anti-Judaism"
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