"affumare" meaning in All languages combined

See affumare on Wiktionary

Verb [Italian]

IPA: /af.fuˈma.re/
Rhymes: -are Etymology: From Vulgar Latin *affūmāre, ultimately from Latin fūmus (“smoke”, noun). By surface analysis, a- + fumo + -are. Etymology templates: {{inh|it|VL.|*affūmāre}} Vulgar Latin *affūmāre, {{der|it|la|fūmus|pos=n|t=smoke}} Latin fūmus (“smoke”, noun), {{surf|it|a-|fumo|-are}} By surface analysis, a- + fumo + -are Head templates: {{it-verb|a/ù}} affumàre (first-person singular present affùmo, first-person singular past historic affumài, past participle affumàto, auxiliary avére) Inflection templates: {{it-conj|a/ù}} Forms: affumàre [canonical], affùmo [first-person, present, singular], affumài [first-person, historic, past, singular], affumàto [participle, past], avére [auxiliary], no-table-tags [table-tags], affumàre [infinitive], avére [auxiliary], affumàndo [gerund], affumànte [participle, present], affumàto [participle, past], affùmo [first-person, indicative, present, singular], affùmi [indicative, present, second-person, singular], affùma [indicative, present, singular, third-person], affumiàmo [first-person, indicative, plural, present], affumàte [indicative, plural, present, second-person], affùmano [indicative, plural, present, third-person], affumàvo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], affumàvi [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], affumàva [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], affumavàmo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], affumavàte [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], affumàvano [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], affumài [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], affumàsti [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], affumò [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], affumàmmo [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], affumàste [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], affumàrono [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], affumerò [first-person, future, indicative, singular], affumerài [future, indicative, second-person, singular], affumerà [future, indicative, singular, third-person], affumerémo [first-person, future, indicative, plural], affumeréte [future, indicative, plural, second-person], affumerànno [future, indicative, plural, third-person], affumerèi [conditional, first-person, present, singular], affumerésti [conditional, present, second-person, singular], affumerèbbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], affumerébbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], affumerémmo [conditional, first-person, plural, present], affumeréste [conditional, plural, present, second-person], affumerèbbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], affumerébbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], affùmi [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], affùmi [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], affùmi [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], affumiàmo [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], affumiàte [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], affùmino [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], affumàssi [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], affumàssi [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], affumàsse [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], affumàssimo [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], affumàste [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], affumàssero [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], affùma [imperative, second-person, singular], affùmi [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], affumiàmo [first-person, imperative, plural], affumàte [imperative, plural, second-person], affùmino [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], affumàre [imperative, negative, second-person, singular], affùmi [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], affumiàmo [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], affumàte [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], affùmino [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person]
  1. (transitive, archaic, literary) to smoke (food) Tags: archaic, literary, transitive Synonyms: affumicare
    Sense id: en-affumare-it-verb-c2mqr-j4 Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Italian links with redundant wikilinks, Italian terms prefixed with a-, Italian terms suffixed with -are, Italian verbs ending in -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Italian links with redundant wikilinks: 46 54 Disambiguation of Italian terms prefixed with a-: 50 50 Disambiguation of Italian terms suffixed with -are: 48 52 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 48 52 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 50 50
  2. (transitive, archaic, literary) to darken Tags: archaic, literary, transitive Synonyms: offuscare
    Sense id: en-affumare-it-verb-JlaWNiWQ Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Italian links with redundant wikilinks, Italian terms prefixed with a-, Italian terms suffixed with -are, Italian verbs ending in -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Italian links with redundant wikilinks: 46 54 Disambiguation of Italian terms prefixed with a-: 50 50 Disambiguation of Italian terms suffixed with -are: 48 52 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 48 52 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 50 50

Verb [Latin]

IPA: /affuˈmare/ Forms: affūmāre [canonical]
Etymology: From ad- (“to”) + fūmus (“smoke”, noun) + -āre (verb-forming suffix). Etymology templates: {{af|la|ad-|fūmus|-o|alt3=-āre|id3=denominative|pos2=n|pos3=verb-forming suffix|t1=to|t2=smoke}} ad- (“to”) + fūmus (“smoke”, noun) + -āre (verb-forming suffix) Head templates: {{head|la|reconstructed verb|head=*affūmāre}} *affūmāre
  1. (transitive) smoke (apply smoke to, e.g. food) Tags: Proto-Romance, reconstruction, transitive
    Sense id: en-affumare-la-verb-goLeZP2y Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin terms prefixed with ad-, Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative), Proto-Romance

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for affumare meaning in All languages combined (13.3kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*affūmāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *affūmāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fūmus",
        "pos": "n",
        "t": "smoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fūmus (“smoke”, noun)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "a-",
        "3": "fumo",
        "4": "-are"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, a- + fumo + -are",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *affūmāre, ultimately from Latin fūmus (“smoke”, noun). By surface analysis, a- + fumo + -are.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "affumàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmo",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumeréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumeréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "expansion": "affumàre (first-person singular present affùmo, first-person singular past historic affumài, past participle affumàto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "af‧fu‧mà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms prefixed with a-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smoke (food)"
      ],
      "id": "en-affumare-it-verb-c2mqr-j4",
      "links": [
        [
          "smoke",
          "smoke"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic, literary) to smoke (food)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "affumicare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "literary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms prefixed with a-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to darken"
      ],
      "id": "en-affumare-it-verb-JlaWNiWQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "darken",
          "darken"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic, literary) to darken"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "offuscare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "literary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/af.fuˈma.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "word": "affumare"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Balkan Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "afum"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: afum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: afum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "afuma"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: afuma",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: afuma"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "affumare"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: affumare",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: affumare"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nap",
            "2": "affumà"
          },
          "expansion": "Neapolitan: affumà",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Neapolitan: affumà"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "affumari"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: affumari",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: affumari"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Gallo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-gas",
            "2": "ahumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Gascon: ahumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gascon: ahumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "afumar",
            "q": "N. Provence"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: (N. Provence) afumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: (N. Provence) afumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ibero-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "afumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: afumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: afumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "afumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: afumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: afumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "afumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: afumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: afumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "ahumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: ahumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: ahumar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ad-",
        "3": "fūmus",
        "4": "-o",
        "alt3": "-āre",
        "id3": "denominative",
        "pos2": "n",
        "pos3": "verb-forming suffix",
        "t1": "to",
        "t2": "smoke"
      },
      "expansion": "ad- (“to”) + fūmus (“smoke”, noun) + -āre (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ad- (“to”) + fūmus (“smoke”, noun) + -āre (verb-forming suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "affūmāre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "reconstructed verb",
        "head": "*affūmāre"
      },
      "expansion": "*affūmāre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Latin/affumare",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms prefixed with ad-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Romance",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "smoke (apply smoke to, e.g. food)"
      ],
      "id": "en-affumare-la-verb-goLeZP2y",
      "links": [
        [
          "smoke",
          "smoke"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) smoke (apply smoke to, e.g. food)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Proto-Romance",
        "reconstruction",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/affuˈmare/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "affumare"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 4-syllable words",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Italian terms derived from Latin",
    "Italian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "Italian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
    "Italian terms prefixed with a-",
    "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian verbs",
    "Italian verbs ending in -are",
    "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are/4 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*affūmāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *affūmāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fūmus",
        "pos": "n",
        "t": "smoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fūmus (“smoke”, noun)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "a-",
        "3": "fumo",
        "4": "-are"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, a- + fumo + -are",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *affūmāre, ultimately from Latin fūmus (“smoke”, noun). By surface analysis, a- + fumo + -are.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "affumàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmo",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumeréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumeréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affumàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "affùmino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "expansion": "affumàre (first-person singular present affùmo, first-person singular past historic affumài, past participle affumàto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "af‧fu‧mà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian literary terms",
        "Italian terms with archaic senses",
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smoke (food)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smoke",
          "smoke"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic, literary) to smoke (food)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "affumicare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "literary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian literary terms",
        "Italian terms with archaic senses",
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to darken"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "darken",
          "darken"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic, literary) to darken"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "offuscare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "literary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/af.fuˈma.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "word": "affumare"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Balkan Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "afum"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: afum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: afum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "afuma"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: afuma",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: afuma"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "affumare"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: affumare",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: affumare"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nap",
            "2": "affumà"
          },
          "expansion": "Neapolitan: affumà",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Neapolitan: affumà"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "affumari"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: affumari",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: affumari"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Gallo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-gas",
            "2": "ahumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Gascon: ahumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gascon: ahumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "afumar",
            "q": "N. Provence"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: (N. Provence) afumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: (N. Provence) afumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ibero-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "afumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: afumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: afumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "afumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: afumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: afumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "afumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: afumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: afumar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "ahumar"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: ahumar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: ahumar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ad-",
        "3": "fūmus",
        "4": "-o",
        "alt3": "-āre",
        "id3": "denominative",
        "pos2": "n",
        "pos3": "verb-forming suffix",
        "t1": "to",
        "t2": "smoke"
      },
      "expansion": "ad- (“to”) + fūmus (“smoke”, noun) + -āre (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ad- (“to”) + fūmus (“smoke”, noun) + -āre (verb-forming suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "affūmāre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "reconstructed verb",
        "head": "*affūmāre"
      },
      "expansion": "*affūmāre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Latin/affumare",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 4-syllable words",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin reconstructed verbs",
        "Latin terms prefixed with ad-",
        "Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Romance"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "smoke (apply smoke to, e.g. food)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smoke",
          "smoke"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) smoke (apply smoke to, e.g. food)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Proto-Romance",
        "reconstruction",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/affuˈmare/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "affumare"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.