See Włoch on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*volxъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *volxъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*volxъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volxъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*walhaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walhaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "Walia",
"3": "wałach",
"4": "Wałach",
"5": "Włochy",
"6": "Wołoch"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Walia, wałach, Wałach, Włochy, and Wołoch",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volxъ, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz. Doublet of Walia, wałach, Wałach, Włochy, and Wołoch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Włoszka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Włoch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włosi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Włosi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"f": "Włoszka"
},
"expansion": "Włoch m pers (female equivalent Włoszka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Włoch"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "Włosi"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Italy",
"orig": "pl:Italy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Italian (person from Italy)"
],
"id": "en-Włoch-pl-noun-iU2Qs687",
"links": [
[
"Italian",
"Italian"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "włoski"
},
{
"word": "Włochy"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvwɔx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔx"
}
],
"word": "Włoch"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ch"
},
"expansion": "-ch",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Several possible etymologies:\n* from Włoch (“Italian person”);\n* a truncation of personal names beginning with Wło- (e.g. Włodzimierz) + -ch;\n* an augmentative of włos (“hair”) (compare włochacz, włochaty).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Włoch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Włoch m pers",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Włoch"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Włochowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish male surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "79 13 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"id": "en-Włoch-pl-name-IRlLAcDj",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvwɔx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔx"
}
],
"word": "Włoch"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ch"
},
"expansion": "-ch",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Several possible etymologies:\n* from Włoch (“Italian person”);\n* a truncation of personal names beginning with Wło- (e.g. Włodzimierz) + -ch;\n* an augmentative of włos (“hair”) (compare włochacz, włochaty).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Włoch f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Włoch"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish female surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 35 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 60 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 52 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 54 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 73 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 75 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "pl:Nationalities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"id": "en-Włoch-pl-name-yitEyztR",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvwɔx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔx"
}
],
"word": "Włoch"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "proper noun form",
"g": "nv-p"
},
"expansion": "Włoch nvir pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Włoch"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "Włochy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of Włochy"
],
"id": "en-Włoch-pl-name-aRldDTSW",
"links": [
[
"Włochy",
"Włochy#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvwɔx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔx"
}
],
"word": "Włoch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper noun forms",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔx",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔx/1 syllable",
"pl:Italy",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*volxъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *volxъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*volxъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volxъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*walhaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walhaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "Walia",
"3": "wałach",
"4": "Wałach",
"5": "Włochy",
"6": "Wołoch"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Walia, wałach, Wałach, Włochy, and Wołoch",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volxъ, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz. Doublet of Walia, wałach, Wałach, Włochy, and Wołoch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Włoszka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Włoch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włosi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Włosi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"f": "Włoszka"
},
"expansion": "Włoch m pers (female equivalent Włoszka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Włoch"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "Włosi"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "włoski"
},
{
"word": "Włochy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Italian (person from Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Italian",
"Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvwɔx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔx"
}
],
"word": "Włoch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper noun forms",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔx",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔx/1 syllable",
"pl:Italy",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ch"
},
"expansion": "-ch",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Several possible etymologies:\n* from Włoch (“Italian person”);\n* a truncation of personal names beginning with Wło- (e.g. Włodzimierz) + -ch;\n* an augmentative of włos (“hair”) (compare włochacz, włochaty).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Włoch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Włochowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Włoch m pers",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Włoch"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Włochowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish male surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvwɔx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔx"
}
],
"word": "Włoch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper noun forms",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔx",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔx/1 syllable",
"pl:Italy",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ch"
},
"expansion": "-ch",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Several possible etymologies:\n* from Włoch (“Italian person”);\n* a truncation of personal names beginning with Wło- (e.g. Włodzimierz) + -ch;\n* an augmentative of włos (“hair”) (compare włochacz, włochaty).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Włoch f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Włoch"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish female surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvwɔx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔx"
}
],
"word": "Włoch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish proper noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔx",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔx/1 syllable",
"pl:Italy",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "proper noun form",
"g": "nv-p"
},
"expansion": "Włoch nvir pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Włoch"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "Włochy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of Włochy"
],
"links": [
[
"Włochy",
"Włochy#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvwɔx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔx"
}
],
"word": "Włoch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Włoch meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.