"Sài Gòn" meaning in All languages combined

See Sài Gòn on Wiktionary

Proper name [Vietnamese]

IPA: [saːj˨˩ ɣɔn˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [ʂaːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩] [Huế], [saːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩] [Huế], [ʂaːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩] [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City], [saːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩] [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City] Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sài Gòn.wav [Hà-Nội] Forms: 柴棍 [CJK]
Etymology: Uncertain. The original toponym behind Sài Gòn, was attested earliest as 柴棍, with two phonograms whose Sino-Vietnamese readings are sài and côn respectively, in Lê Quý Đôn's Phủ biên tạp lục (撫邊雜錄 "Miscellaneous Chronicles of the Pacified Frontier", c. 1776), wherein Lê relates that, in 1674, Cambodian prince Ang Nan was installed as uparaja in 柴棍 (Sài Gòn) by Vietnamese forces. 柴棍 also appears later in Trịnh Hoài Đức's Gia Định thành thông chí (嘉定城通志 "Comprehensive Records about the Gia Định Citadel", c. 1820), Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư (南國地輿教科書 "Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country", 1908), etc. Adrien Launay's Histoire de la Mission de Cochinchine (1688−1823), "Documents Historiques II: 1728 - 1771" (1924: 190) cites 1747 documents containing the toponyms: provincia Rai-gon, Rai-gon thong (for *Sài Gòn thượng "Upper Saigon"), & Rai-gon-ha (for *Sài Gòn hạ "Lower Saigon"). It is probably a transcription of Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ), or Khmer ព្រៃគរ (preykôr). The proposal that Sài Gòn is from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn) (e.g. by Francis Garnier and Vương Hồng Sển, etc.) has been critiqued as folk-etymological, as: (1) Garnier states that the Chinese settlement Tai-ngon or Tin-gan (i.e. 堤岸 Đê Ngạn ~ Đề Ngạn) – the Chinese name for Chợ Lớn – was found in 1778, yet the underlying toponym had possibly been known to Vietnamese as early as 1674, transcribed as 柴棍, then preserved in Phủ biên tạp lục (c. 1776); (2) 堤岸 has variant form 提岸, thus suggesting that both were transcriptions of a local toponym and thus are cognates to, not originals of, Sài Gòn. Etymology templates: {{unc|vi}} Uncertain, {{zh-l|柴棍*}} 柴棍, {{m|vi|sài}} sài, {{m|vi|côn}} côn, {{lang|zh|撫邊雜錄}} 撫邊雜錄, {{circa|1776}} c. 1776, {{lang|zh|柴棍}} 柴棍, {{zh-l|柴棍*}} 柴棍, {{l|vi|Trịnh Hoài Đức|lit=|pos=|sc=|t=|tr=}} Trịnh Hoài Đức, {{lw|vi|Trịnh Hoài Đức}} Trịnh Hoài Đức, {{l|vi|Gia Định thành thông chí|lit=|pos=|sc=|t=|tr=}} Gia Định thành thông chí, {{lw|vi|Gia Định thành thông chí}} Gia Định thành thông chí, {{lang|zh|嘉定城通志}} 嘉定城通志, {{circa|1820}} c. 1820, {{lang|zh|南國地輿教科書}} 南國地輿教科書, {{l|fr|Adrien Launay|lit=|pos=|sc=|t=|tr=}} Adrien Launay, {{lw|fr|Adrien Launay}} Adrien Launay, {{bor|vi|km|ព្រៃនគរ}} Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ), {{bor|vi|km|ព្រៃគរ}} Khmer ព្រៃគរ (preykôr), {{m|vi|đê ngạn}} đê ngạn, {{der|vi|zh|堤岸//|pos=SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đê ngạn</i>|t=embankment|tr=-}} Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn), {{vi-etym-sino|堤岸|embankment|đê ngạn|hv=n|nocap=1}} non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn), {{l|vi|Vương Hồng Sển|lit=|pos=|sc=|t=|tr=}} Vương Hồng Sển, {{lw|vi|Vương Hồng Sển}} Vương Hồng Sển, {{lang|zh|堤岸}} 堤岸, {{zh-l|柴棍*}} 柴棍, {{circa|1776}} c. 1776, {{lang|zh|堤岸}} 堤岸, {{lang|zh|提岸}} 提岸 Head templates: {{head|vi|proper noun|head=Sài Gòn|tr=柴棍}} Sài Gòn • (柴棍)
  1. (historical) Saigon Tags: historical Synonyms (Saigon): Gia Định [historical], Sài Thành, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
    Sense id: en-Sài_Gòn-vi-name--lyUUDCW Disambiguation of 'Saigon': 69 15 7 8
  2. (informal, poetic) Ho Chi Minh City Tags: informal, poetic Synonyms (Ho Chi Minh City): Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
    Sense id: en-Sài_Gòn-vi-name-ygYj9Z4B Categories (other): Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header, Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters, Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header: 15 45 14 26 Disambiguation of Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters: 14 48 15 23 Disambiguation of Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks: 14 48 15 23 Disambiguation of 'Ho Chi Minh City': 2 65 1 32
  3. A river in southern Vietnam that rises near Phum Daung in southeastern Cambodia and empties into the Nhà Bè River, which in its turn empties into the East Sea northeast of the Mekong Delta. Categories (place): Places in Vietnam, Rivers in Vietnam, Cities in Vietnam
    Sense id: en-Sài_Gòn-vi-name-lpN4IfLe Disambiguation of Cities in Vietnam: 4 33 42 21
  4. A train station in Ward 3, Ho Chi Minh City
    Sense id: en-Sài_Gòn-vi-name-UOOh9s5d
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: Sài Gòn–Gia Định

Download JSON data for Sài Gòn meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sài Gòn–Gia Định"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Saigon"
          },
          "expansion": "English: Saigon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: Saigon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "西貢"
          },
          "expansion": "西貢/西贡 (Xīgòng)",
          "name": "zh-l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Chinese: 西貢/西贡 (Xīgòng)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "Saïgon"
          },
          "expansion": "French: Saïgon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: Saïgon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "サイゴン",
            "caps": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "サイゴン (Saigon)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: サイゴン (Saigon)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "km",
            "2": "សៃហ្គន"
          },
          "expansion": "Khmer: សៃហ្គន (saygɔɔn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khmer: សៃហ្គន (saygɔɔn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "Saigão"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: Saigão",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: Saigão"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "柴棍*"
      },
      "expansion": "柴棍",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "sài"
      },
      "expansion": "sài",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "côn"
      },
      "expansion": "côn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "撫邊雜錄"
      },
      "expansion": "撫邊雜錄",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1776"
      },
      "expansion": "c. 1776",
      "name": "circa"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "柴棍"
      },
      "expansion": "柴棍",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "柴棍*"
      },
      "expansion": "柴棍",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Trịnh Hoài Đức",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Trịnh Hoài Đức",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Trịnh Hoài Đức"
      },
      "expansion": "Trịnh Hoài Đức",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Gia Định thành thông chí",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Gia Định thành thông chí",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Gia Định thành thông chí"
      },
      "expansion": "Gia Định thành thông chí",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "嘉定城通志"
      },
      "expansion": "嘉定城通志",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1820"
      },
      "expansion": "c. 1820",
      "name": "circa"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "南國地輿教科書"
      },
      "expansion": "南國地輿教科書",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Adrien Launay",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Adrien Launay",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Adrien Launay"
      },
      "expansion": "Adrien Launay",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "km",
        "3": "ព្រៃនគរ"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "km",
        "3": "ព្រៃគរ"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ព្រៃគរ (preykôr)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đê ngạn"
      },
      "expansion": "đê ngạn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "堤岸//",
        "pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">đê ngạn</i>",
        "t": "embankment",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "堤岸",
        "2": "embankment",
        "3": "đê ngạn",
        "hv": "n",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn)",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Vương Hồng Sển",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Vương Hồng Sển",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Vương Hồng Sển"
      },
      "expansion": "Vương Hồng Sển",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "堤岸"
      },
      "expansion": "堤岸",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "柴棍*"
      },
      "expansion": "柴棍",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1776"
      },
      "expansion": "c. 1776",
      "name": "circa"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "堤岸"
      },
      "expansion": "堤岸",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "提岸"
      },
      "expansion": "提岸",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\nThe original toponym behind Sài Gòn, was attested earliest as 柴棍, with two phonograms whose Sino-Vietnamese readings are sài and côn respectively, in Lê Quý Đôn's Phủ biên tạp lục (撫邊雜錄 \"Miscellaneous Chronicles of the Pacified Frontier\", c. 1776), wherein Lê relates that, in 1674, Cambodian prince Ang Nan was installed as uparaja in 柴棍 (Sài Gòn) by Vietnamese forces.\n柴棍 also appears later in Trịnh Hoài Đức's Gia Định thành thông chí (嘉定城通志 \"Comprehensive Records about the Gia Định Citadel\", c. 1820), Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư (南國地輿教科書 \"Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country\", 1908), etc.\nAdrien Launay's Histoire de la Mission de Cochinchine (1688−1823), \"Documents Historiques II: 1728 - 1771\" (1924: 190) cites 1747 documents containing the toponyms: provincia Rai-gon, Rai-gon thong (for *Sài Gòn thượng \"Upper Saigon\"), & Rai-gon-ha (for *Sài Gòn hạ \"Lower Saigon\").\nIt is probably a transcription of Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ), or Khmer ព្រៃគរ (preykôr).\nThe proposal that Sài Gòn is from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn) (e.g. by Francis Garnier and Vương Hồng Sển, etc.) has been critiqued as folk-etymological, as: (1) Garnier states that the Chinese settlement Tai-ngon or Tin-gan (i.e. 堤岸 Đê Ngạn ~ Đề Ngạn) – the Chinese name for Chợ Lớn – was found in 1778, yet the underlying toponym had possibly been known to Vietnamese as early as 1674, transcribed as 柴棍, then preserved in Phủ biên tạp lục (c. 1776); (2) 堤岸 has variant form 提岸, thus suggesting that both were transcriptions of a local toponym and thus are cognates to, not originals of, Sài Gòn.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "柴棍",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "head": "Sài Gòn",
        "tr": "柴棍"
      },
      "expansion": "Sài Gòn • (柴棍)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Saigon"
      ],
      "id": "en-Sài_Gòn-vi-name--lyUUDCW",
      "links": [
        [
          "Saigon",
          "Saigon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Saigon"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "69 15 7 8",
          "sense": "Saigon",
          "tags": [
            "historical"
          ],
          "word": "Gia Định"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 15 7 8",
          "sense": "Saigon",
          "word": "Sài Thành"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 15 7 8",
          "sense": "Saigon",
          "word": "Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 45 14 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 48 15 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 48 15 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ho Chi Minh City"
      ],
      "id": "en-Sài_Gòn-vi-name-ygYj9Z4B",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "Ho Chi Minh City",
          "Ho Chi Minh City"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal, poetic) Ho Chi Minh City"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 65 1 32",
          "sense": "Ho Chi Minh City",
          "word": "Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Places in Vietnam",
          "orig": "vi:Places in Vietnam",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Rivers in Vietnam",
          "orig": "vi:Rivers in Vietnam",
          "parents": [
            "Rivers",
            "Places",
            "Bodies of water",
            "Names",
            "Landforms",
            "Water",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Earth",
            "Liquids",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Nature",
            "Matter",
            "Lemmas",
            "Chemistry",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 33 42 21",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Cities in Vietnam",
          "orig": "vi:Cities in Vietnam",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A river in southern Vietnam that rises near Phum Daung in southeastern Cambodia and empties into the Nhà Bè River, which in its turn empties into the East Sea northeast of the Mekong Delta."
      ],
      "id": "en-Sài_Gòn-vi-name-lpN4IfLe",
      "links": [
        [
          "Vietnam",
          "Vietnam#English"
        ],
        [
          "Phum Daung",
          "Phum Daung"
        ],
        [
          "Cambodia",
          "Cambodia"
        ],
        [
          "Nhà Bè",
          "Nhà Bè"
        ],
        [
          "East Sea",
          "East Sea"
        ],
        [
          "Mekong",
          "Mekong"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A train station in Ward 3, Ho Chi Minh City"
      ],
      "id": "en-Sài_Gòn-vi-name-UOOh9s5d",
      "links": [
        [
          "train station",
          "train station"
        ],
        [
          "Ho Chi Minh City",
          "Ho Chi Minh City"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[saːj˨˩ ɣɔn˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sài Gòn.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Hà Nội)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Ang Nan",
    "Chợ Lớn",
    "Citadel of Saigon",
    "Francis Garnier",
    "Lê Quý Đôn",
    "Phủ biên tạp lục",
    "uparaja",
    "vi:Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh"
  ],
  "word": "Sài Gòn"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Vietnamese proper nouns",
    "Vietnamese terms borrowed from Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Vietnamese terms with audio links",
    "Vietnamese terms with unknown etymologies",
    "vi:Cities in Vietnam"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Sài Gòn–Gia Định"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Saigon"
          },
          "expansion": "English: Saigon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: Saigon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "西貢"
          },
          "expansion": "西貢/西贡 (Xīgòng)",
          "name": "zh-l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Chinese: 西貢/西贡 (Xīgòng)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "Saïgon"
          },
          "expansion": "French: Saïgon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: Saïgon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "サイゴン",
            "caps": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "サイゴン (Saigon)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: サイゴン (Saigon)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "km",
            "2": "សៃហ្គន"
          },
          "expansion": "Khmer: សៃហ្គន (saygɔɔn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khmer: សៃហ្គន (saygɔɔn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "Saigão"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: Saigão",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: Saigão"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "柴棍*"
      },
      "expansion": "柴棍",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "sài"
      },
      "expansion": "sài",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "côn"
      },
      "expansion": "côn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "撫邊雜錄"
      },
      "expansion": "撫邊雜錄",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1776"
      },
      "expansion": "c. 1776",
      "name": "circa"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "柴棍"
      },
      "expansion": "柴棍",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "柴棍*"
      },
      "expansion": "柴棍",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Trịnh Hoài Đức",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Trịnh Hoài Đức",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Trịnh Hoài Đức"
      },
      "expansion": "Trịnh Hoài Đức",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Gia Định thành thông chí",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Gia Định thành thông chí",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Gia Định thành thông chí"
      },
      "expansion": "Gia Định thành thông chí",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "嘉定城通志"
      },
      "expansion": "嘉定城通志",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1820"
      },
      "expansion": "c. 1820",
      "name": "circa"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "南國地輿教科書"
      },
      "expansion": "南國地輿教科書",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Adrien Launay",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Adrien Launay",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Adrien Launay"
      },
      "expansion": "Adrien Launay",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "km",
        "3": "ព្រៃនគរ"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "km",
        "3": "ព្រៃគរ"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ព្រៃគរ (preykôr)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đê ngạn"
      },
      "expansion": "đê ngạn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "堤岸//",
        "pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">đê ngạn</i>",
        "t": "embankment",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "堤岸",
        "2": "embankment",
        "3": "đê ngạn",
        "hv": "n",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn)",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Vương Hồng Sển",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "t": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Vương Hồng Sển",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Vương Hồng Sển"
      },
      "expansion": "Vương Hồng Sển",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "堤岸"
      },
      "expansion": "堤岸",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "柴棍*"
      },
      "expansion": "柴棍",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1776"
      },
      "expansion": "c. 1776",
      "name": "circa"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "堤岸"
      },
      "expansion": "堤岸",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "提岸"
      },
      "expansion": "提岸",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\nThe original toponym behind Sài Gòn, was attested earliest as 柴棍, with two phonograms whose Sino-Vietnamese readings are sài and côn respectively, in Lê Quý Đôn's Phủ biên tạp lục (撫邊雜錄 \"Miscellaneous Chronicles of the Pacified Frontier\", c. 1776), wherein Lê relates that, in 1674, Cambodian prince Ang Nan was installed as uparaja in 柴棍 (Sài Gòn) by Vietnamese forces.\n柴棍 also appears later in Trịnh Hoài Đức's Gia Định thành thông chí (嘉定城通志 \"Comprehensive Records about the Gia Định Citadel\", c. 1820), Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư (南國地輿教科書 \"Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country\", 1908), etc.\nAdrien Launay's Histoire de la Mission de Cochinchine (1688−1823), \"Documents Historiques II: 1728 - 1771\" (1924: 190) cites 1747 documents containing the toponyms: provincia Rai-gon, Rai-gon thong (for *Sài Gòn thượng \"Upper Saigon\"), & Rai-gon-ha (for *Sài Gòn hạ \"Lower Saigon\").\nIt is probably a transcription of Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ), or Khmer ព្រៃគរ (preykôr).\nThe proposal that Sài Gòn is from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn) (e.g. by Francis Garnier and Vương Hồng Sển, etc.) has been critiqued as folk-etymological, as: (1) Garnier states that the Chinese settlement Tai-ngon or Tin-gan (i.e. 堤岸 Đê Ngạn ~ Đề Ngạn) – the Chinese name for Chợ Lớn – was found in 1778, yet the underlying toponym had possibly been known to Vietnamese as early as 1674, transcribed as 柴棍, then preserved in Phủ biên tạp lục (c. 1776); (2) 堤岸 has variant form 提岸, thus suggesting that both were transcriptions of a local toponym and thus are cognates to, not originals of, Sài Gòn.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "柴棍",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "head": "Sài Gòn",
        "tr": "柴棍"
      },
      "expansion": "Sài Gòn • (柴棍)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Saigon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Saigon",
          "Saigon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Saigon"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese informal terms",
        "Vietnamese poetic terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ho Chi Minh City"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "Ho Chi Minh City",
          "Ho Chi Minh City"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal, poetic) Ho Chi Minh City"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "vi:Places in Vietnam",
        "vi:Rivers in Vietnam"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A river in southern Vietnam that rises near Phum Daung in southeastern Cambodia and empties into the Nhà Bè River, which in its turn empties into the East Sea northeast of the Mekong Delta."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Vietnam",
          "Vietnam#English"
        ],
        [
          "Phum Daung",
          "Phum Daung"
        ],
        [
          "Cambodia",
          "Cambodia"
        ],
        [
          "Nhà Bè",
          "Nhà Bè"
        ],
        [
          "East Sea",
          "East Sea"
        ],
        [
          "Mekong",
          "Mekong"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A train station in Ward 3, Ho Chi Minh City"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "train station",
          "train station"
        ],
        [
          "Ho Chi Minh City",
          "Ho Chi Minh City"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[saːj˨˩ ɣɔn˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sài Gòn.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Hà Nội)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "Saigon",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "Gia Định"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Saigon",
      "word": "Sài Thành"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Saigon",
      "word": "Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Ho Chi Minh City",
      "word": "Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Ang Nan",
    "Chợ Lớn",
    "Citadel of Saigon",
    "Francis Garnier",
    "Lê Quý Đôn",
    "Phủ biên tạp lục",
    "uparaja",
    "vi:Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh"
  ],
  "word": "Sài Gòn"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.