"Kowalski" meaning in All languages combined

See Kowalski on Wiktionary

Proper name [English]

Forms: Kowalskis [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Polish Kowalski. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|en|pl|Kowalski|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Polish Kowalski, {{bor+|en|pl|Kowalski}} Borrowed from Polish Kowalski Head templates: {{en-proper noun|Kowalskis}} Kowalski (plural Kowalskis)
  1. A surname from Polish.
    Sense id: en-Kowalski-en-name-HT-Nr2xo Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English surnames

Proper name [French]

Etymology: Borrowed from Polish Kowalski. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|fr|pl|Kowalski|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Polish Kowalski, {{bor+|fr|pl|Kowalski}} Borrowed from Polish Kowalski Head templates: {{fr-proper noun|g=mf}} Kowalski m or f
  1. a surname from Polish Tags: feminine, masculine
    Sense id: en-Kowalski-fr-name-8hfoJxLC Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French surnames

Proper name [German]

Forms: Kowalskis [genitive, masculine], Kowalski [genitive, masculine], Kowalski [feminine, genitive], Kowalskis [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Polish Kowalski. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|de|pl|Kowalski|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Polish Kowalski, {{bor+|de|pl|Kowalski}} Borrowed from Polish Kowalski Head templates: {{de-proper noun|surname}} Kowalski m or f (proper noun, surname, masculine genitive Kowalskis or (with an article) Kowalski, feminine genitive Kowalski, plural Kowalskis)
  1. a surname from Polish Tags: feminine, masculine, proper-noun, surname
    Sense id: en-Kowalski-de-name-8hfoJxLC Categories (other): German entries with incorrect language header, German surnames

Proper name [Polish]

IPA: /kɔˈval.ski/
Rhymes: -alski Etymology: From kowal (“blacksmith”) + -ski (surname-forming suffix). Etymology templates: {{af|pl|kowal|-ski|pos2=surname-forming suffix|t1=blacksmith}} kowal (“blacksmith”) + -ski (surname-forming suffix) Head templates: {{pl-proper noun|m-pr|f=Kowalska}} Kowalski m pers (female equivalent Kowalska) Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-pr}} Forms: Kowalska [feminine], no-table-tags [table-tags], Kowalski [nominative, singular], Kowalscy [nominative, plural], Kowalskiego [genitive, singular], Kowalskich [genitive, plural], Kowalskiemu [dative, singular], Kowalskim [dative, plural], Kowalskiego [accusative, singular], Kowalskich [accusative, plural], Kowalskim [instrumental, singular], Kowalskimi [instrumental, plural], Kowalskim [locative, singular], Kowalskich [locative, plural], Kowalski [singular, vocative], Kowalscy [plural, vocative]
  1. a surname, equivalent to English Smith; the second most popular surname in Poland Tags: masculine, person

Proper name [Portuguese]

IPA: /ko.ˈvaws.ki/ [Brazil]
Etymology: Borrowed from Polish Kowalski. Etymology templates: {{bor|pt|pl|Kowalski}} Polish Kowalski Head templates: {{head|pt|proper noun|||g=mfbysense|g2=|g3=|head=}} Kowalski m or f by sense, {{pt-proper noun|mfbysense}} Kowalski m or f by sense
  1. a surname from Polish Tags: by-personal-gender, feminine, masculine Synonyms: Kovalski

Proper name [Spanish]

IPA: /koˈbalski/, [koˈβ̞als.ki]
Rhymes: -alski Etymology: Borrowed from Polish Kowalski. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|es|pl|Kowalski|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Polish Kowalski, {{bor+|es|pl|Kowalski}} Borrowed from Polish Kowalski Head templates: {{head|es|proper nouns|g=mfbysense|g2=|g3=|head=}} Kowalski m or f by sense, {{es-proper noun|mfbysense}} Kowalski m or f by sense
  1. a surname from Polish Tags: by-personal-gender, feminine, masculine

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for Kowalski meaning in All languages combined (9.5kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kowalskis",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Kowalskis"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski (plural Kowalskis)",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A surname from Polish."
      ],
      "id": "en-Kowalski-en-name-HT-Nr2xo",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "mf"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f",
      "name": "fr-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname from Polish"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kowalski-fr-name-8hfoJxLC",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kowalskis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalski",
      "raw_tags": [
        "with an article"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalski",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskis",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "surname"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f (proper noun, surname, masculine genitive Kowalskis or (with an article) Kowalski, feminine genitive Kowalski, plural Kowalskis)",
      "name": "de-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname from Polish"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kowalski-de-name-8hfoJxLC",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "proper-noun",
        "surname"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kowal",
        "3": "-ski",
        "pos2": "surname-forming suffix",
        "t1": "blacksmith"
      },
      "expansion": "kowal (“blacksmith”) + -ski (surname-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From kowal (“blacksmith”) + -ski (surname-forming suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kowalska",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalski",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalscy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskiego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskiemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskiego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalski",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalscy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-pr",
        "f": "Kowalska"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m pers (female equivalent Kowalska)",
      "name": "pl-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "Ko‧wal‧ski"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ski",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname, equivalent to English Smith; the second most popular surname in Poland"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kowalski-pl-name-WSR9P74D",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ],
        [
          "Smith",
          "Smith#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔˈval.ski/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-alski"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "g": "mfbysense",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f by sense",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mfbysense"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f by sense",
      "name": "pt-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
          "parents": [
            "Masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
            "Nouns by gender",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname from Polish"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kowalski-pt-name-8hfoJxLC",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Kovalski"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "by-personal-gender",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ko.ˈvaws.ki/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "proper nouns",
        "g": "mfbysense",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f by sense",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mfbysense"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f by sense",
      "name": "es-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "Ko‧wals‧ki"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
          "parents": [
            "Masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
            "Nouns by gender",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname from Polish"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kowalski-es-name-8hfoJxLC",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "by-personal-gender",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/koˈbalski/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[koˈβ̞als.ki]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-alski"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kowalskis",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Kowalskis"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski (plural Kowalskis)",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English proper nouns",
        "English surnames",
        "English surnames from Polish",
        "English terms borrowed from Polish",
        "English terms derived from Polish",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A surname from Polish."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "mf"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f",
      "name": "fr-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French feminine nouns",
        "French lemmas",
        "French masculine nouns",
        "French nouns with multiple genders",
        "French proper nouns",
        "French surnames",
        "French surnames from Polish",
        "French terms borrowed from Polish",
        "French terms derived from Polish",
        "French terms spelled with K",
        "French terms spelled with W"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname from Polish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kowalskis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalski",
      "raw_tags": [
        "with an article"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalski",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskis",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "surname"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f (proper noun, surname, masculine genitive Kowalskis or (with an article) Kowalski, feminine genitive Kowalski, plural Kowalskis)",
      "name": "de-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "German entries with incorrect language header",
        "German feminine nouns",
        "German lemmas",
        "German masculine nouns",
        "German nouns with multiple genders",
        "German proper nouns",
        "German surnames",
        "German surnames from Polish",
        "German terms borrowed from Polish",
        "German terms derived from Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname from Polish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "proper-noun",
        "surname"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kowal",
        "3": "-ski",
        "pos2": "surname-forming suffix",
        "t1": "blacksmith"
      },
      "expansion": "kowal (“blacksmith”) + -ski (surname-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From kowal (“blacksmith”) + -ski (surname-forming suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kowalska",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalski",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalscy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskiego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskiemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskiego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalskich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalski",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kowalscy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-pr",
        "f": "Kowalska"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m pers (female equivalent Kowalska)",
      "name": "pl-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "Ko‧wal‧ski"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish 3-syllable words",
        "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Polish lemmas",
        "Polish links with manual fragments",
        "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Polish masculine nouns",
        "Polish personal nouns",
        "Polish proper nouns",
        "Polish surnames",
        "Polish terms suffixed with -ski",
        "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Polish terms with audio links",
        "Rhymes:Polish/alski",
        "Rhymes:Polish/alski/3 syllables"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname, equivalent to English Smith; the second most popular surname in Poland"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ],
        [
          "Smith",
          "Smith#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔˈval.ski/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-alski"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "g": "mfbysense",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f by sense",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mfbysense"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f by sense",
      "name": "pt-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Portuguese 3-syllable words",
        "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Portuguese feminine nouns",
        "Portuguese lemmas",
        "Portuguese masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
        "Portuguese masculine nouns",
        "Portuguese nouns with multiple genders",
        "Portuguese proper nouns",
        "Portuguese surnames",
        "Portuguese surnames from Polish",
        "Portuguese terms borrowed from Polish",
        "Portuguese terms derived from Polish",
        "Portuguese terms spelled with K",
        "Portuguese terms spelled with W",
        "Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname from Polish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "by-personal-gender",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ko.ˈvaws.ki/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Kovalski"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "Kowalski"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Kowalski.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "proper nouns",
        "g": "mfbysense",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f by sense",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mfbysense"
      },
      "expansion": "Kowalski m or f by sense",
      "name": "es-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "Ko‧wals‧ki"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Rhymes:Spanish/alski",
        "Rhymes:Spanish/alski/3 syllables",
        "Spanish 3-syllable words",
        "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Spanish feminine nouns",
        "Spanish lemmas",
        "Spanish masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
        "Spanish masculine nouns",
        "Spanish nouns with multiple genders",
        "Spanish proper nouns",
        "Spanish surnames",
        "Spanish surnames from Polish",
        "Spanish terms borrowed from Polish",
        "Spanish terms derived from Polish",
        "Spanish terms spelled with K",
        "Spanish terms spelled with W",
        "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname from Polish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "by-personal-gender",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/koˈbalski/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[koˈβ̞als.ki]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-alski"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kowalski"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.