See Hard on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Hard meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nrf",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "hardi",
"4": "",
"5": "tough, brave, hardy"
},
"expansion": "Old French hardi (“tough, brave, hardy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hård"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hård",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*harduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* From Old English and Norman derivatives of Old French hardi (“tough, brave, hardy”). There are several Germanic variants of this origin, such as Swedish hård, Dutch hard, etc., all from Proto-Germanic *harduz.\n* English topographical surname for farmers living on hard ground, from hard. This also appeared as the surname Hardacre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Hards"
},
"expansion": "Hard (plural Hards)",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surname."
],
"id": "en-Hard-en-name-EMUC1F3L",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hardacre"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)d"
}
],
"word": "Hard"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Herde"
},
"expansion": "German Herde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German Herde.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Hard",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzgebirgisch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"herd (group of animals)"
],
"id": "en-Hard-gmw-ecg-noun-BtU2ptkf",
"links": [
[
"herd",
"herd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Erzgebirgisch) herd (group of animals)"
],
"tags": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
]
}
],
"word": "Hard"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Herd"
},
"expansion": "German Herd",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German Herd.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Hard",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzgebirgisch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cooker; stove"
],
"id": "en-Hard-gmw-ecg-noun-bbznn6k1",
"links": [
[
"cooker",
"cooker"
],
[
"stove",
"stove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Erzgebirgisch) cooker; stove"
],
"tags": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzgebirgisch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "East Central German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hob; cooktop"
],
"id": "en-Hard-gmw-ecg-noun-iHveLYG5",
"links": [
[
"hob",
"hob"
],
[
"cooktop",
"cooktop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Erzgebirgisch) hob; cooktop"
],
"tags": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
]
}
],
"word": "Hard"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "hart",
"4": "",
"5": "wood, forest"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hart (“wood, forest”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German and Old High German hart (“wood, forest”); cognate with the mountain range Harz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hards",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Hard",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"with-article"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "Hard n (proper noun, genitive Hards or (optionally with an article) Hard)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Municipalities of Vorarlberg",
"orig": "de:Municipalities of Vorarlberg",
"parents": [
"Municipalities",
"Places",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Places in Austria",
"orig": "de:Places in Austria",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Places in Vorarlberg",
"orig": "de:Places in Vorarlberg",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A municipality of Vorarlberg, Austria"
],
"id": "en-Hard-de-name-6vYsXKtl",
"links": [
[
"municipality",
"municipality"
],
[
"Vorarlberg",
"Vorarlberg#English"
],
[
"Austria",
"Austria#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"proper-noun"
]
}
],
"word": "Hard"
}
{
"categories": [
"East Central German entries with incorrect language header",
"East Central German lemmas",
"East Central German nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Herde"
},
"expansion": "German Herde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German Herde.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Hard",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
],
"glosses": [
"herd (group of animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"herd",
"herd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Erzgebirgisch) herd (group of animals)"
],
"tags": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
]
}
],
"word": "Hard"
}
{
"categories": [
"East Central German entries with incorrect language header",
"East Central German lemmas",
"East Central German nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Herd"
},
"expansion": "German Herd",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German Herd.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Hard",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
],
"glosses": [
"cooker; stove"
],
"links": [
[
"cooker",
"cooker"
],
[
"stove",
"stove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Erzgebirgisch) cooker; stove"
],
"tags": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
],
"glosses": [
"hob; cooktop"
],
"links": [
[
"hob",
"hob"
],
[
"cooktop",
"cooktop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Erzgebirgisch) hob; cooktop"
],
"tags": [
"Erzgebirgisch"
]
}
],
"word": "Hard"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nrf",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "hardi",
"4": "",
"5": "tough, brave, hardy"
},
"expansion": "Old French hardi (“tough, brave, hardy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hård"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hård",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*harduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* From Old English and Norman derivatives of Old French hardi (“tough, brave, hardy”). There are several Germanic variants of this origin, such as Swedish hård, Dutch hard, etc., all from Proto-Germanic *harduz.\n* English topographical surname for farmers living on hard ground, from hard. This also appeared as the surname Hardacre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Hards"
},
"expansion": "Hard (plural Hards)",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English surnames",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)d/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"A surname."
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hardacre"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)d"
}
],
"word": "Hard"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "hart",
"4": "",
"5": "wood, forest"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hart (“wood, forest”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German and Old High German hart (“wood, forest”); cognate with the mountain range Harz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hards",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Hard",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"with-article"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "Hard n (proper noun, genitive Hards or (optionally with an article) Hard)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter nouns",
"German proper nouns",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"de:Municipalities of Vorarlberg",
"de:Places in Austria",
"de:Places in Vorarlberg"
],
"glosses": [
"A municipality of Vorarlberg, Austria"
],
"links": [
[
"municipality",
"municipality"
],
[
"Vorarlberg",
"Vorarlberg#English"
],
[
"Austria",
"Austria#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"proper-noun"
]
}
],
"word": "Hard"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.