See Hácwā on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pat-pro",
"2": "*ṓspəna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Pathan: *ṓspəna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Pathan: *ṓspəna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "وسپنه",
"3": "اوسپنه",
"g": "f",
"tr": "wë́spëna",
"tr2": "óspëna"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: وسپنه f (wë́spëna), اوسپنه (óspëna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: وسپنه f (wë́spëna), اوسپنه (óspëna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sgi-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "isk",
"tr": "ṣ̌pïn"
},
"expansion": "Ishkashimi: [script needed] (ṣ̌pïn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ishkashimi: [script needed] (ṣ̌pïn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgy",
"tr": "ᵊšpōṇ"
},
"expansion": "Sanglechi: [script needed] (ᵊšpōṇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanglechi: [script needed] (ᵊšpōṇ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sym-pro",
"2": "*ūspən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ūspən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ūspən"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mny-pro",
"2": "*ȫspən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *ȫspən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *ȫspən"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnj",
"tr": "yūspə́n"
},
"expansion": "Munji: [script needed] (yūspə́n)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Munji: [script needed] (yūspə́n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"2": "رسپن",
"tr": "rispën"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: رسپن (rispën)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: رسپن (rispën)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shy-pro",
"2": "*æspən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *æspən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *æspən"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shr-pro",
"2": "*spən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *spən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *spən"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "spin",
"3": "sipin"
},
"expansion": "Sarikoli: spin, sipin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sarikoli: spin, sipin"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "сипин",
"3": "сипун",
"q2": "Khufi",
"q3": "Oroshori",
"t3": "sẹpin"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: сипин (sipin), (Khufi) сипун (sipun), (Oroshori) [Term?] (“sẹpin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: сипин (sipin), (Khufi) сипун (sipun), (Oroshori) [Term?] (“sẹpin”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"2": "сәпон",
"3": "спон",
"4": "сәпй̊н",
"5": "спй̊н"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: сәпон (səpon), спон (spon), сәпй̊н (səpẙn), спй̊н (spẙn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: сәпон (səpon), спон (spon), сәпй̊н (səpẙn), спй̊н (spẙn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "آسن",
"tr": "âsin, âsan"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: آسن (âsin, âsan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: آسن (âsin, âsan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ئاسن"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: ئاسن (asn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: ئاسن (asn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "hesin",
"3": "asin"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: hesin, asin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: hesin, asin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "ئاسن"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: ئاسن (asn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: ئاسن (asn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "آسین",
"tr": "āsīn"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: آسین (āsīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: آسین (āsīn)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "آئن",
"3": "آیین",
"tr": "āen",
"tr2": "āyin"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: آئن (āen), آیین (āyin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mazanderani: آئن (āen), آیین (āyin)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lsa",
"2": "آسین",
"tr": "āsīn"
},
"expansion": "Lasgerdi: آسین (āsīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lasgerdi: آسین (āsīn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Median:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-mid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Median:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Median:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-ker",
"2": "vohen",
"q": "Zoroastrian Dari"
},
"expansion": "Kermanic: (Zoroastrian Dari) vohen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kermanic: (Zoroastrian Dari) vohen"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrz",
"2": "اسن",
"tr": "ösön"
},
"expansion": "Harzani: اسن (ösön)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Harzani: اسن (ösön)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "آسین",
"3": "اسون",
"tr": "âsin",
"tr2": "asön"
},
"expansion": "Talysh: آسین (âsin), اسون (asön)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Talysh: آسین (âsin), اسون (asön)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smy",
"2": "آسین",
"tr": "āsīn"
},
"expansion": "Semnani: آسین (āsīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Semnani: آسین (āsīn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"tr": "ʾswn",
"ts": "āsun"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗 (ʾswn /āsun/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗 (ʾswn /āsun/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗",
"3": "𐫀𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ʾswnyn",
"tr2": "ʾʾswnyn"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗 (ʾswnyn), 𐫀𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗 (ʾʾswnyn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗 (ʾswnyn), 𐫀𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗 (ʾʾswnyn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "ئاسن",
"tr": "āsen"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: ئاسن (āsen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: ئاسن (āsen)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "asın",
"tr": "āsen"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: asın (āsen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: asın (āsen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*asā"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: *asā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: *asā ~ *aθunaʰ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "āhun, āhan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/āhun, āhan/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/āhun, āhan/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"tr": "ʾhwn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (ʾhwn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (ʾhwn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾsn'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhn')"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*Háćwanā ~ *Hćunás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwanā ~ *Hćunás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*Héḱ-wō ~ *Hḱ-unés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Héḱ-wō ~ *Hḱ-unés",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "NA4"
},
"expansion": "ᴺᴬ⁴",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "NA4"
},
"expansion": "ᴺᴬ⁴",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "rock-temple",
"tr": "ᴺᴬ⁴hé-kur",
"ts": "ᴺᴬ⁴hekur"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ᴺᴬ⁴hé-kur /ᴺᴬ⁴hekur/, “rock-temple”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "æфсæн",
"t": "ploughshare"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian ӕфсӕн (æfsæn, “ploughshare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫃𐫀𐫇 𐫀𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗",
"t": "ploughshare",
"tr": "gʾw ʾʾhwn",
"ts": "gāwāhun"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐫃𐫀𐫇 𐫀𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (gʾw ʾʾhwn /gāwāhun/, “ploughshare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "گاسن",
"t": "ploughshare"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish گاسن (gasn, “ploughshare”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwanā ~ *Hćunás, from Proto-Indo-European *Héḱ-wō ~ *Hḱ-unés, possibly from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”), compare *h₂éḱmō (“stone”), and perhaps Hittite [script needed] (ᴺᴬ⁴hé-kur /ᴺᴬ⁴hekur/, “rock-temple”).\nA merger likely occured with the descendants of *Hácwr̥ ~ *Hcwán (“ploughshare”), whence Ossetian ӕфсӕн (æfsæn, “ploughshare”), Middle Persian 𐫃𐫀𐫇 𐫀𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (gʾw ʾʾhwn /gāwāhun/, “ploughshare”), Central Kurdish گاسن (gasn, “ploughshare”), derived from the same root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hácwā ~ *Hcunáh",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"head": "*Hácwā ~ *Hcunáh"
},
"expansion": "*Hácwā ~ *Hcunáh m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hácwā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Avestan terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gurani terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasgerdi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Parthian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Parthian terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sogdian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sogdian terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yagnobi terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*Hácwanyah (“of iron”) (+ *-yah)",
"word": "aswani"
},
{
"alt": "ʾspny",
"sense": "*Hácwanyah (“of iron”) (+ *-yah)",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"alt": "sbny /(ə)spanī/",
"english": "iron; of iron",
"sense": "*Hácwanyah (“of iron”) (+ *-yah)",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"roman": "spnyq",
"sense": "Sogdian: ܣܦܝܢ sg (spyn /(ə)spen, (ə)span/), [Syriac needed] pl (spyntʾ, “iron; iron fetter; chain”)",
"word": "⇒ Sogdian: ܣܦܢܝܩ"
},
{
"alt": "sfnyq /spanīk; sfanīk/",
"english": "iron; of iron",
"sense": "Sogdian: ܣܦܝܢ sg (spyn /(ə)spen, (ə)span/), [Syriac needed] pl (spyntʾ, “iron; iron fetter; chain”)",
"word": "[Syriac needed]"
},
{
"alt": "ʾsynyn' /āhēnēn/",
"english": "iron; of iron",
"sense": "Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsyn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhyn' /āsēn, āhēn/)",
"word": "⇒ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"alt": "hīśśanä",
"sense": "Proto-Saka: *hēśśani",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ēśwani",
"word": "išn"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ēśwani",
"word": "yišn"
},
{
"english": "of steel",
"roman": "haosafnaēna",
"sense": "⇒ Old Avestan: *haospanaēna (literally “of good iron”) (+ 𐬵𐬎- (hu-)); Younger Avestan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀"
},
{
"alt": "spnynk",
"sense": "*HcwánayHnah (“of iron”) (+ *-ayHnah)",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫘"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫛"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫗"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫏"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫝"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫀"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "S"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "]"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫀"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫘"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫛"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫗"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫏"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼀"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼑"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼔"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼎"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼊"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼋"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "s"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "p"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "n"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "y"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "k"
}
],
"glosses": [
"iron, ironstone"
],
"id": "en-Hácwā-ira-pro-noun-1EOjlIUO",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"ironstone",
"ironstone"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"David Neil MacKenzie",
"Nicholas Sims-Williams",
"Rüdiger Schmitt"
]
}
],
"word": "Hácwā"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*Hácwanyah (“of iron”) (+ *-yah)",
"word": "aswani"
},
{
"alt": "ʾspny",
"sense": "*Hácwanyah (“of iron”) (+ *-yah)",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"alt": "sbny /(ə)spanī/",
"english": "iron; of iron",
"sense": "*Hácwanyah (“of iron”) (+ *-yah)",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"roman": "spnyq",
"sense": "Sogdian: ܣܦܝܢ sg (spyn /(ə)spen, (ə)span/), [Syriac needed] pl (spyntʾ, “iron; iron fetter; chain”)",
"word": "⇒ Sogdian: ܣܦܢܝܩ"
},
{
"alt": "sfnyq /spanīk; sfanīk/",
"english": "iron; of iron",
"sense": "Sogdian: ܣܦܝܢ sg (spyn /(ə)spen, (ə)span/), [Syriac needed] pl (spyntʾ, “iron; iron fetter; chain”)",
"word": "[Syriac needed]"
},
{
"alt": "ʾsynyn' /āhēnēn/",
"english": "iron; of iron",
"sense": "Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsyn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhyn' /āsēn, āhēn/)",
"word": "⇒ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed]"
},
{
"alt": "hīśśanä",
"sense": "Proto-Saka: *hēśśani",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ēśwani",
"word": "išn"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ēśwani",
"word": "yišn"
},
{
"english": "of steel",
"roman": "haosafnaēna",
"sense": "⇒ Old Avestan: *haospanaēna (literally “of good iron”) (+ 𐬵𐬎- (hu-)); Younger Avestan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀"
},
{
"alt": "spnynk",
"sense": "*HcwánayHnah (“of iron”) (+ *-ayHnah)",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫘"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫛"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫗"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫏"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫝"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫀"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "S"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "]"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫀"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫘"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫛"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫗"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫏"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼀"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼑"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼔"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼎"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼊"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "𐼋"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "s"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "p"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "n"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "y"
},
{
"qualifier": "Old Sogdian script",
"sense": "⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”); Old Sogdian script",
"word": "k"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pat-pro",
"2": "*ṓspəna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Pathan: *ṓspəna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Pathan: *ṓspəna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "وسپنه",
"3": "اوسپنه",
"g": "f",
"tr": "wë́spëna",
"tr2": "óspëna"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: وسپنه f (wë́spëna), اوسپنه (óspëna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: وسپنه f (wë́spëna), اوسپنه (óspëna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sgi-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "isk",
"tr": "ṣ̌pïn"
},
"expansion": "Ishkashimi: [script needed] (ṣ̌pïn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ishkashimi: [script needed] (ṣ̌pïn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgy",
"tr": "ᵊšpōṇ"
},
"expansion": "Sanglechi: [script needed] (ᵊšpōṇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanglechi: [script needed] (ᵊšpōṇ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sym-pro",
"2": "*ūspən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ūspən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ūspən"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mny-pro",
"2": "*ȫspən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *ȫspən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *ȫspən"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnj",
"tr": "yūspə́n"
},
"expansion": "Munji: [script needed] (yūspə́n)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Munji: [script needed] (yūspə́n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"2": "رسپن",
"tr": "rispën"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: رسپن (rispën)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: رسپن (rispën)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shy-pro",
"2": "*æspən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *æspən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *æspən"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shr-pro",
"2": "*spən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *spən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *spən"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "spin",
"3": "sipin"
},
"expansion": "Sarikoli: spin, sipin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sarikoli: spin, sipin"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "сипин",
"3": "сипун",
"q2": "Khufi",
"q3": "Oroshori",
"t3": "sẹpin"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: сипин (sipin), (Khufi) сипун (sipun), (Oroshori) [Term?] (“sẹpin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: сипин (sipin), (Khufi) сипун (sipun), (Oroshori) [Term?] (“sẹpin”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"2": "сәпон",
"3": "спон",
"4": "сәпй̊н",
"5": "спй̊н"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: сәпон (səpon), спон (spon), сәпй̊н (səpẙn), спй̊н (spẙn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: сәпон (səpon), спон (spon), сәпй̊н (səpẙn), спй̊н (spẙn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "آسن",
"tr": "âsin, âsan"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: آسن (âsin, âsan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: آسن (âsin, âsan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ئاسن"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: ئاسن (asn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: ئاسن (asn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "hesin",
"3": "asin"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: hesin, asin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: hesin, asin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "ئاسن"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: ئاسن (asn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: ئاسن (asn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "آسین",
"tr": "āsīn"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: آسین (āsīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: آسین (āsīn)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "آئن",
"3": "آیین",
"tr": "āen",
"tr2": "āyin"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: آئن (āen), آیین (āyin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mazanderani: آئن (āen), آیین (āyin)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lsa",
"2": "آسین",
"tr": "āsīn"
},
"expansion": "Lasgerdi: آسین (āsīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lasgerdi: آسین (āsīn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Median:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-mid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Median:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Median:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-ker",
"2": "vohen",
"q": "Zoroastrian Dari"
},
"expansion": "Kermanic: (Zoroastrian Dari) vohen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kermanic: (Zoroastrian Dari) vohen"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrz",
"2": "اسن",
"tr": "ösön"
},
"expansion": "Harzani: اسن (ösön)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Harzani: اسن (ösön)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "آسین",
"3": "اسون",
"tr": "âsin",
"tr2": "asön"
},
"expansion": "Talysh: آسین (âsin), اسون (asön)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Talysh: آسین (âsin), اسون (asön)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smy",
"2": "آسین",
"tr": "āsīn"
},
"expansion": "Semnani: آسین (āsīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Semnani: آسین (āsīn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"tr": "ʾswn",
"ts": "āsun"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗 (ʾswn /āsun/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗 (ʾswn /āsun/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗",
"3": "𐫀𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ʾswnyn",
"tr2": "ʾʾswnyn"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗 (ʾswnyn), 𐫀𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗 (ʾʾswnyn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗 (ʾswnyn), 𐫀𐫀𐫘𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫗 (ʾʾswnyn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "ئاسن",
"tr": "āsen"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: ئاسن (āsen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: ئاسن (āsen)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "asın",
"tr": "āsen"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: asın (āsen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: asın (āsen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*asā"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: *asā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: *asā ~ *aθunaʰ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "āhun, āhan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/āhun, āhan/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/āhun, āhan/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"tr": "ʾhwn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (ʾhwn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (ʾhwn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾsn'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhn')"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*Háćwanā ~ *Hćunás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwanā ~ *Hćunás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*Héḱ-wō ~ *Hḱ-unés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Héḱ-wō ~ *Hḱ-unés",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "NA4"
},
"expansion": "ᴺᴬ⁴",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "NA4"
},
"expansion": "ᴺᴬ⁴",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "rock-temple",
"tr": "ᴺᴬ⁴hé-kur",
"ts": "ᴺᴬ⁴hekur"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ᴺᴬ⁴hé-kur /ᴺᴬ⁴hekur/, “rock-temple”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "æфсæн",
"t": "ploughshare"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian ӕфсӕн (æfsæn, “ploughshare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫃𐫀𐫇 𐫀𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗",
"t": "ploughshare",
"tr": "gʾw ʾʾhwn",
"ts": "gāwāhun"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐫃𐫀𐫇 𐫀𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (gʾw ʾʾhwn /gāwāhun/, “ploughshare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "گاسن",
"t": "ploughshare"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish گاسن (gasn, “ploughshare”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwanā ~ *Hćunás, from Proto-Indo-European *Héḱ-wō ~ *Hḱ-unés, possibly from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”), compare *h₂éḱmō (“stone”), and perhaps Hittite [script needed] (ᴺᴬ⁴hé-kur /ᴺᴬ⁴hekur/, “rock-temple”).\nA merger likely occured with the descendants of *Hácwr̥ ~ *Hcwán (“ploughshare”), whence Ossetian ӕфсӕн (æfsæn, “ploughshare”), Middle Persian 𐫃𐫀𐫇 𐫀𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (gʾw ʾʾhwn /gāwāhun/, “ploughshare”), Central Kurdish گاسن (gasn, “ploughshare”), derived from the same root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hácwā ~ *Hcunáh",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"head": "*Hácwā ~ *Hcunáh"
},
"expansion": "*Hácwā ~ *Hcunáh m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hácwā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Avestan terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Gurani terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Lasgerdi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Middle Persian term requests",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Parthian terms with redundant script codes",
"Parthian terms with redundant transliterations",
"Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Requests for Syriac script for Sogdian terms",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
"Requests for native script for Ishkashimi terms",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms",
"Requests for native script for Khwarezmian terms",
"Requests for native script for Munji terms",
"Requests for native script for Sanglechi terms",
"Shughni term requests",
"Sogdian term requests",
"Sogdian terms with redundant script codes",
"Sogdian terms with redundant transliterations",
"Yagnobi terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"iron, ironstone"
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"ironstone",
"ironstone"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"David Neil MacKenzie",
"Nicholas Sims-Williams",
"Rüdiger Schmitt"
]
}
],
"word": "Hácwā"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Hácwā meaning in All languages combined (19.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.