"Dolch" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "dolk",
            "3": "dollich",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Low German: dolk, dollich",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "16th c."
          },
          "expansion": "(16th c.)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Low German: dolk, dollich (16th c.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "Dolk",
            "3": "Dolch"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: Dolk, Dolch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: Dolk, Dolch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "Dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: Dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saterland Frisian: Dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "16th c."
          },
          "expansion": "(16th c.)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: dolk (16th c.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ West Frisian: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ West Frisian: dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "dowrk",
            "3": "durck",
            "4": "durk",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Scots: dowrk, durck, durk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Scots: dowrk, durck, durk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "dork",
            "3": "dirk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: dork, dirk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: dork, dirk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "tulich",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Czech: tulich",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Czech: tulich"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "tulich"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech tulich",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dolo",
        "t": "pike, dagger"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dolo (“pike, dagger”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*dalk",
        "4": "*dalk, *dolk",
        "t": "pin, needle, clasp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dalk, *dolk (“pin, needle, clasp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "dalc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dalc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "dollequin"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French dollequin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "dolequin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French dolequin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "*dollekijn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch *dollekijn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "dolle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dolle",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dolleken"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch dolleken",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dolk"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch dolk",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. First attested in the mid-15th century in Upper German texts as Dolch, then also Dollich, Tolch. At first mostly with weak declension (dem Dolchen). The formerly held assumption of a Slavic origin has been abandoned (older Czech tulich is instead a German borrowing).\nThe word is now mostly derived ultimately from Latin dolo (“pike, dagger”), but the origin of the velar remains unclear. It may be due to conflation with a descendant of Proto-West Germanic *dalk, *dolk (“pin, needle, clasp”), which is entirely unattested in Continental West Germanic, only being found in Old English dalc, dolc (“brooch, buckle, clasp”)). Another theory links it to Middle French dollequin (ca. 1400), from Old French dolequin, itself likely from Middle Dutch *dollekijn, a diminutive of Middle Dutch dolle (“dagger”, mid-14th c.), likely from the Latin. Compare early Dutch dolleken, dolck, dolch (modern Dutch dolk).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Dolches",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolchs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolches",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolchs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolchen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m,(e)s"
      },
      "expansion": "Dolch m (strong, genitive Dolches or Dolchs, plural Dolche)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m,(e)s"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "de",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "de:Weapons",
          "parents": [
            "Hunting",
            "Military",
            "Tools",
            "Human activity",
            "Society",
            "Technology",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "erdolchen"
        },
        {
          "word": "Dolchstoß"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dagger"
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "word": "Stichwaffe"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-Dolch-de-noun-ZBX65lor",
      "links": [
        [
          "dagger",
          "dagger"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "Dolchheft"
        },
        {
          "word": "Dolchklinge"
        },
        {
          "word": "Dolchspitze"
        },
        {
          "word": "Dolchstoss"
        },
        {
          "word": "Ehrendolch"
        },
        {
          "word": "Horndolch"
        },
        {
          "word": "Jadedolch"
        },
        {
          "word": "Jagddolch"
        },
        {
          "word": "Kampfdolch"
        },
        {
          "word": "Ritualdolch"
        },
        {
          "word": "Stahldolch"
        },
        {
          "word": "Zierdolch"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "strong"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɔlç/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[dɔlç]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-ʎç]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-ltç]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-lx]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-Dolch.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/De-Dolch.ogg/De-Dolch.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/De-Dolch.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Dolch"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "erdolchen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Dolchstoß"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "dolk",
            "3": "dollich",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Low German: dolk, dollich",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "16th c."
          },
          "expansion": "(16th c.)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Low German: dolk, dollich (16th c.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "Dolk",
            "3": "Dolch"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: Dolk, Dolch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: Dolk, Dolch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "Dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: Dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saterland Frisian: Dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "16th c."
          },
          "expansion": "(16th c.)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: dolk (16th c.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "dolk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ West Frisian: dolk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ West Frisian: dolk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "dowrk",
            "3": "durck",
            "4": "durk",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Scots: dowrk, durck, durk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Scots: dowrk, durck, durk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "dork",
            "3": "dirk",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: dork, dirk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: dork, dirk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "tulich",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Czech: tulich",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Czech: tulich"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "tulich"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech tulich",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dolo",
        "t": "pike, dagger"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dolo (“pike, dagger”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*dalk",
        "4": "*dalk, *dolk",
        "t": "pin, needle, clasp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dalk, *dolk (“pin, needle, clasp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "dalc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dalc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "dollequin"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French dollequin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "dolequin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French dolequin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "*dollekijn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch *dollekijn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "dolle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dolle",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dolleken"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch dolleken",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dolk"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch dolk",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. First attested in the mid-15th century in Upper German texts as Dolch, then also Dollich, Tolch. At first mostly with weak declension (dem Dolchen). The formerly held assumption of a Slavic origin has been abandoned (older Czech tulich is instead a German borrowing).\nThe word is now mostly derived ultimately from Latin dolo (“pike, dagger”), but the origin of the velar remains unclear. It may be due to conflation with a descendant of Proto-West Germanic *dalk, *dolk (“pin, needle, clasp”), which is entirely unattested in Continental West Germanic, only being found in Old English dalc, dolc (“brooch, buckle, clasp”)). Another theory links it to Middle French dollequin (ca. 1400), from Old French dolequin, itself likely from Middle Dutch *dollekijn, a diminutive of Middle Dutch dolle (“dagger”, mid-14th c.), likely from the Latin. Compare early Dutch dolleken, dolck, dolch (modern Dutch dolk).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Dolches",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolchs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolches",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolchs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolchen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Dolche",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m,(e)s"
      },
      "expansion": "Dolch m (strong, genitive Dolches or Dolchs, plural Dolche)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "word": "Stichwaffe"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m,(e)s"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Dolchheft"
    },
    {
      "word": "Dolchklinge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Dolchspitze"
    },
    {
      "word": "Dolchstoss"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ehrendolch"
    },
    {
      "word": "Horndolch"
    },
    {
      "word": "Jadedolch"
    },
    {
      "word": "Jagddolch"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kampfdolch"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ritualdolch"
    },
    {
      "word": "Stahldolch"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zierdolch"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "German 1-syllable words",
        "German entries with incorrect language header",
        "German lemmas",
        "German masculine nouns",
        "German nouns",
        "German terms derived from Latin",
        "German terms derived from Middle Dutch",
        "German terms derived from Middle French",
        "German terms derived from Old French",
        "German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "German terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "German terms with audio links",
        "German terms with unknown etymologies",
        "de:Weapons"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dagger"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dagger",
          "dagger"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "strong"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɔlç/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[dɔlç]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-ʎç]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-ltç]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-lx]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-Dolch.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/De-Dolch.ogg/De-Dolch.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/De-Dolch.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Dolch"
}