See Buk on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Buk meaning in All languages combined (20.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "Бук",
"4": "",
"5": "codename for a missile system"
},
"expansion": "Russian Бук (Buk, “codename for a missile system”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бук",
"3": "",
"4": "beech tree"
},
"expansion": "бук (buk, “beech tree”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beech"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of beech",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian Бук (Buk, “codename for a missile system”), from бук (buk, “beech tree”). Doublet of beech.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Buks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Buk (plural Buks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 17 14 15 15 15 3 3 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, “New Priorities Set for Ground Forces Air Defense”‚ in Central Eurasia Joint Publications Research Service Report (Military Affairs n 40), Foreign Broadcast Information Service, p 17",
"text": "But systems like our S-300 V, Buk-M1, Tor, and Osa actually destroyed all the targets with a single missile."
},
{
"ref": "2008, Aviation News v 70, Saint Leonards-on-Sea, UK: HPC Publishing, p 5",
"text": "A photo shows that the UAVs employed by Georgia are Hermes 450s and they have reportedly been downed by Buk SAMs."
},
{
"text": "2014, “Buk missile launcher, suspected in jetliner attack, requires skill to use”,http://www.cbsnews.com/news/buk-missile-launcher-suspected-in-jetliner-attack-requires-skill-to-use/ CBSNews.com, July 18,\nPentagon officials say the missile likely came from an SA-11 or SA-17 launch vehicle -- otherwise known as a \"Buk.\" Both Russia and Ukraine have Buks, as do most other former Soviet Union states and China."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system from the Soviet Union."
],
"id": "en-Buk-en-noun-IlTTe4Br",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"anti-aircraft",
"anti-aircraft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A type of self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system from the Soviet Union."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "SA-11"
},
{
"word": "SA-11 Gadfly"
},
{
"word": "SA-17"
},
{
"word": "SA-17 Grizzly"
},
{
"word": "BUK"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Buk",
"sense": "a type of self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Бук"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Buk",
"sense": "a type of self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Бук"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Buk missile system"
]
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Buke",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Buke",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "Buke",
"5": "dative",
"6": "Buke",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Buk n (genitive Buke, dative Buke)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "stomach",
"word": "Buuk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of Buuk : stomach"
],
"id": "en-Buk-nds-de-noun-xkqIAI5x",
"links": [
[
"Buuk",
"Buuk#German Low German"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in some dialects) alternative spelling of Buuk : stomach"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "belly, abdomen",
"word": "Buuk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of Buuk : belly, abdomen"
],
"id": "en-Buk-nds-de-noun-4KmocGGG",
"links": [
[
"Buuk",
"Buuk#German Low German"
],
[
"belly",
"belly"
],
[
"abdomen",
"abdomen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in some dialects) alternative spelling of Buuk : belly, abdomen"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[buːk]"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "buk"
},
"expansion": "buk",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bukowski",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Buk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "bukowski"
},
"expansion": "Buk m inan (related adjective bukowski)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Buk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Places in Poland",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Towns in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Towns in Poland",
"parents": [
"Towns",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 17 14 15 15 15 3 3 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 19 19 20 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 19 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a town in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"id": "en-Buk-pl-name-WtBmtCbG",
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Greater Poland Voivodeship",
"Greater Poland Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Places in Poland",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Villages in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Villages in Poland",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 17 14 15 15 15 3 3 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 19 19 20 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 19 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a village in the Gmina of Gołcza, Miechów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"id": "en-Buk-pl-name-oTI9hWVe",
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Gołcza",
"Gołcza#English"
],
[
"Miechów",
"Miechów#English"
],
[
"Lesser Poland Voivodeship",
"Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Places in Poland",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Villages in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Villages in Poland",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 17 14 15 15 15 3 3 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 19 19 20 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 19 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a village in the Gmina of Cisna, Lesko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"id": "en-Buk-pl-name-9aBDdPrz",
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Cisna",
"Cisna#English"
],
[
"Lesko",
"Lesko#English"
],
[
"Subcarpathian Voivodeship",
"Subcarpathian Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Places in Poland",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Villages in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Villages in Poland",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 17 14 15 15 15 3 3 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 19 19 20 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 19 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a village in the Gmina of Przybiernów, Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"id": "en-Buk-pl-name-MalFc8kF",
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Przybiernów",
"Przybiernów#English"
],
[
"Goleniów",
"Goleniów#English"
],
[
"West Pomeranian Voivodeship",
"West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Places in Poland",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Villages in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Villages in Poland",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 17 14 15 15 15 3 3 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 19 19 20 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 19 19 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 19 18 19 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a village in the Gmina of Dobra, Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"id": "en-Buk-pl-name-7w7K2k-s",
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Dobra",
"Dobra#English"
],
[
"Police",
"Police#English"
],
[
"West Pomeranian Voivodeship",
"West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/buk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bug"
},
{
"homophone": "buk"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "buk"
},
"expansion": "buk",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Buk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Buka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Buka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Buk m pers",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Buk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Bukowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Polish male surnames",
"parents": [
"Male surnames",
"Surnames",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"id": "en-Buk-pl-name-IRlLAcDj",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/buk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bug"
},
{
"homophone": "buk"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "buk"
},
"expansion": "buk",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Buk f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Buk"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Polish female surnames",
"parents": [
"Female surnames",
"Surnames",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"id": "en-Buk-pl-name-yitEyztR",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/buk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bug"
},
{
"homophone": "buk"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Muzebuk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "*buk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian *buk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bukk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bukk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bok"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bok",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bock"
},
"expansion": "German Bock",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian *buk, from Proto-West Germanic *bukk. Cognates include West Frisian bok and German Bock.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Bukke",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "Bukke"
},
"expansion": "Buk m (plural Bukke)",
"name": "stq-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Buk"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "ram",
"word": "Rom"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "stq",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "stq:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"buck (male animal)"
],
"id": "en-Buk-stq-noun-ezAFECeY",
"links": [
[
"buck",
"buck"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "stq",
"name": "Gymnastics",
"orig": "stq:Gymnastics",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"buck"
],
"id": "en-Buk-stq-noun-mob20jWy",
"links": [
[
"gymnastics",
"gymnastics"
],
[
"buck",
"buck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(gymnastics) buck"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"gymnastics",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʊk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk/1 syllable",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian masculine nouns",
"Saterland Frisian nouns",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"stq:Male animals"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "Бук",
"4": "",
"5": "codename for a missile system"
},
"expansion": "Russian Бук (Buk, “codename for a missile system”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бук",
"3": "",
"4": "beech tree"
},
"expansion": "бук (buk, “beech tree”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beech"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of beech",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian Бук (Buk, “codename for a missile system”), from бук (buk, “beech tree”). Doublet of beech.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Buks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Buk (plural Buks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"Ukrainian terms with redundant script codes",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, “New Priorities Set for Ground Forces Air Defense”‚ in Central Eurasia Joint Publications Research Service Report (Military Affairs n 40), Foreign Broadcast Information Service, p 17",
"text": "But systems like our S-300 V, Buk-M1, Tor, and Osa actually destroyed all the targets with a single missile."
},
{
"ref": "2008, Aviation News v 70, Saint Leonards-on-Sea, UK: HPC Publishing, p 5",
"text": "A photo shows that the UAVs employed by Georgia are Hermes 450s and they have reportedly been downed by Buk SAMs."
},
{
"text": "2014, “Buk missile launcher, suspected in jetliner attack, requires skill to use”,http://www.cbsnews.com/news/buk-missile-launcher-suspected-in-jetliner-attack-requires-skill-to-use/ CBSNews.com, July 18,\nPentagon officials say the missile likely came from an SA-11 or SA-17 launch vehicle -- otherwise known as a \"Buk.\" Both Russia and Ukraine have Buks, as do most other former Soviet Union states and China."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system from the Soviet Union."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"anti-aircraft",
"anti-aircraft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A type of self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system from the Soviet Union."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Buk missile system"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "SA-11"
},
{
"word": "SA-11 Gadfly"
},
{
"word": "SA-17"
},
{
"word": "SA-17 Grizzly"
},
{
"word": "BUK"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Buk",
"sense": "a type of self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Бук"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Buk",
"sense": "a type of self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Бук"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk/1 syllable",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian masculine nouns",
"Saterland Frisian nouns",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"stq:Male animals"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Buke",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Buke",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "Buke",
"5": "dative",
"6": "Buke",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Buk n (genitive Buke, dative Buke)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "stomach",
"word": "Buuk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of Buuk : stomach"
],
"links": [
[
"Buuk",
"Buuk#German Low German"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in some dialects) alternative spelling of Buuk : stomach"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "belly, abdomen",
"word": "Buuk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of Buuk : belly, abdomen"
],
"links": [
[
"Buuk",
"Buuk#German Low German"
],
[
"belly",
"belly"
],
[
"abdomen",
"abdomen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in some dialects) alternative spelling of Buuk : belly, abdomen"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[buːk]"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk/1 syllable",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian masculine nouns",
"Saterland Frisian nouns",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"stq:Male animals"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "buk"
},
"expansion": "buk",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bukowski",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Buk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "bukowski"
},
"expansion": "Buk m inan (related adjective bukowski)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Buk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Places in Poland",
"pl:Towns in Poland"
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a town in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Greater Poland Voivodeship",
"Greater Poland Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Places in Poland",
"pl:Villages in Poland"
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a village in the Gmina of Gołcza, Miechów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Gołcza",
"Gołcza#English"
],
[
"Miechów",
"Miechów#English"
],
[
"Lesser Poland Voivodeship",
"Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Places in Poland",
"pl:Villages in Poland"
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a village in the Gmina of Cisna, Lesko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Cisna",
"Cisna#English"
],
[
"Lesko",
"Lesko#English"
],
[
"Subcarpathian Voivodeship",
"Subcarpathian Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Places in Poland",
"pl:Villages in Poland"
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a village in the Gmina of Przybiernów, Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Przybiernów",
"Przybiernów#English"
],
[
"Goleniów",
"Goleniów#English"
],
[
"West Pomeranian Voivodeship",
"West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Places in Poland",
"pl:Villages in Poland"
],
"glosses": [
"Buk (a village in the Gmina of Dobra, Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"links": [
[
"Buk",
"Buk#English"
],
[
"Dobra",
"Dobra#English"
],
[
"Police",
"Police#English"
],
[
"West Pomeranian Voivodeship",
"West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/buk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bug"
},
{
"homophone": "buk"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk/1 syllable",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian masculine nouns",
"Saterland Frisian nouns",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"stq:Male animals"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "buk"
},
"expansion": "buk",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Buk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Buka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Buka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Buków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Buku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Bukowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Buk m pers",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Buk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Bukowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish male surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/buk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bug"
},
{
"homophone": "buk"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk/1 syllable",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian masculine nouns",
"Saterland Frisian nouns",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"stq:Male animals"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "buk"
},
"expansion": "buk",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From buk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Buk f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Buk"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish female surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/buk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bóg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bug"
},
{
"homophone": "buk"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊk/1 syllable",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian masculine nouns",
"Saterland Frisian nouns",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"stq:Male animals"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Muzebuk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "*buk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian *buk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bukk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bukk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bok"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bok",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bock"
},
"expansion": "German Bock",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian *buk, from Proto-West Germanic *bukk. Cognates include West Frisian bok and German Bock.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Bukke",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "Bukke"
},
"expansion": "Buk m (plural Bukke)",
"name": "stq-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Buk"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "ram",
"word": "Rom"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"buck (male animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"buck",
"buck"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"stq:Gymnastics"
],
"glosses": [
"buck"
],
"links": [
[
"gymnastics",
"gymnastics"
],
[
"buck",
"buck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(gymnastics) buck"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"gymnastics",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʊk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
}
],
"word": "Buk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.