See Betula on Wiktionary
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"ref": "2011, Peter A. Thomas, “General Forest Ecological Processes: Chapter 10 from Trees and Forests, a Color Guide”, in Arnoldia, volume 68, number 3 (in English), Boston, MA: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, page 22:",
"text": "Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Acer saccharum (sugar maple, from North America) are very tolerant of deep shade, while Betula spp. (birches) and Populus spp. (poplars) grow best under high light intensities.",
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"glosses": [
"A taxonomic genus within the family Betulaceae – birch trees."
],
"hypernyms": [
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"english": "superkingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Eukaryota"
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{
"english": "kingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Plantae"
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"word": "Fagales"
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"sense": "genus",
"word": "Betulaceae"
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"word": "Betuloideae"
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"hyponyms": [
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"alt": "syn. Betula alba, downy birch",
"english": "type species",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula pubescens"
},
{
"english": "Japanese cherry birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula grossa"
},
{
"english": "black birch, cherry birch, sweet birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula lenta"
},
{
"english": "dwarf birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula nana"
},
{
"english": "river birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula nigra"
},
{
"english": "paper birch, American white birch, canoe birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula papyrifera"
},
{
"english": "selected other species",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula pendula"
},
{
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
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"word": "Betula"
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"alt": "syn. Betula alba, downy birch",
"english": "type species",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula pubescens"
},
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"english": "Japanese cherry birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula grossa"
},
{
"english": "black birch, cherry birch, sweet birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula lenta"
},
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"english": "dwarf birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula nana"
},
{
"english": "river birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula nigra"
},
{
"english": "paper birch, American white birch, canoe birch",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula papyrifera"
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"english": "selected other species",
"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
"word": "Betula pendula"
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"sense": "(genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera",
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"text": "Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Acer saccharum (sugar maple, from North America) are very tolerant of deep shade, while Betula spp. (birches) and Populus spp. (poplars) grow best under high light intensities.",
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"word": "Betula"
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Download raw JSONL data for Betula meaning in All languages combined (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.