See -nka on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "が",
"tr": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: が (ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: が (ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "が",
"pos": "nominative marker",
"tr": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: が (ga, nominative marker)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "が",
"alt": "が / ヶ",
"pos": "obsolete possessive marker",
"tr": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: が / ヶ (ga, obsolete possessive marker)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: が (ga, nominative marker), Japanese: が / ヶ (ga, obsolete possessive marker)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*ga"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *ga\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: が (ga)\nKunigami: が (ga)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)\nOkinawan: が (ga)\nOkinoerabu: が (ga)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)\nTokunoshima: が (ga)\nYoron: が (ga)\nSouthern Ryukyuan\nMiyako: が (ga)\nYaeyama: が (ga)\nYonaguni: か゚ (ng'a)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *ga\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: が (ga)\nKunigami: が (ga)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)\nOkinawan: が (ga)\nOkinoerabu: が (ga)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)\nTokunoshima: が (ga)\nYoron: が (ga)\nSouthern Ryukyuan\nMiyako: が (ga)\nYaeyama: が (ga)\nYonaguni: か゚ (ng'a)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "か-"
},
"expansion": "か (ka-)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to one theory, possibly from an otherwise-unattested emphatic particle *ka, with the nasal from compounding with the genitive forms of pronouns such as *wana ka (“my”) > *wanka, which was resegmented as *wa-nka.\nHowever, there is a lack of evidence for such an emphatic particle. The closest match in various modern references is an emphasizing prefix か (ka-) that attaches to certain adverbs from the 800s, and to certain adjectives from the early 1000s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*-nka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/-nka",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Japonic particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"adnominative marker: the preceding nominal acts to quality the following nominal in some fashion"
],
"id": "en--nka-jpx-pro-particle-A9aVdZwn",
"related": [
{
"word": "nə"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"word": "-nka"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-nka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-nka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*-nka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *-nka",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-nka, from Proto-Finno-Permic *-nka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nkä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-nkA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-nkä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-nka (front vowel harmony variant -nkä, linguistic notation -nkA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"var": "nkä"
},
"expansion": "-nka (front vowel harmony variant -nkä, linguistic notation -nkA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-nkainen"
},
{
"word": "-nki"
},
{
"word": "-nko"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns, mainly bird names (in dialects) and some toponyms."
],
"id": "en--nka-fi-suffix-thMiaRhJ",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-nka"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "-nkainen"
},
{
"word": "-nki"
},
{
"word": "-nko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-nka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-nka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*-nka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *-nka",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-nka, from Proto-Finno-Permic *-nka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nkä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-nkA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-nkä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-nka (front vowel harmony variant -nkä, linguistic notation -nkA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"var": "nkä"
},
"expansion": "-nka (front vowel harmony variant -nkä, linguistic notation -nkA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish noun-forming suffixes",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns, mainly bird names (in dialects) and some toponyms."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-nka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "が",
"tr": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: が (ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: が (ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "が",
"pos": "nominative marker",
"tr": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: が (ga, nominative marker)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "が",
"alt": "が / ヶ",
"pos": "obsolete possessive marker",
"tr": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: が / ヶ (ga, obsolete possessive marker)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: が (ga, nominative marker), Japanese: が / ヶ (ga, obsolete possessive marker)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*ga"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *ga\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: が (ga)\nKunigami: が (ga)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)\nOkinawan: が (ga)\nOkinoerabu: が (ga)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)\nTokunoshima: が (ga)\nYoron: が (ga)\nSouthern Ryukyuan\nMiyako: が (ga)\nYaeyama: が (ga)\nYonaguni: か゚ (ng'a)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *ga\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: が (ga)\nKunigami: が (ga)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)\nOkinawan: が (ga)\nOkinoerabu: が (ga)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)\nTokunoshima: が (ga)\nYoron: が (ga)\nSouthern Ryukyuan\nMiyako: が (ga)\nYaeyama: が (ga)\nYonaguni: か゚ (ng'a)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "か-"
},
"expansion": "か (ka-)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to one theory, possibly from an otherwise-unattested emphatic particle *ka, with the nasal from compounding with the genitive forms of pronouns such as *wana ka (“my”) > *wanka, which was resegmented as *wa-nka.\nHowever, there is a lack of evidence for such an emphatic particle. The closest match in various modern references is an emphasizing prefix か (ka-) that attaches to certain adverbs from the 800s, and to certain adjectives from the early 1000s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*-nka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/-nka",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "nə"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Japonic lemmas",
"Proto-Japonic particles"
],
"glosses": [
"adnominative marker: the preceding nominal acts to quality the following nominal in some fashion"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"word": "-nka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -nka meaning in All languages combined (4.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -nkA",
"path": [
"-nka"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-nka",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.