-데 in All languages combined

Forms: 데 [canonical], -de [romanization] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: First appears in the late sixteenth century as 데 (Yale: -tey). Traditionally analyzed as a shortening of Middle Korean 더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: -té-ngì-tá), from 더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix) + ᅌᅵ (Yale: -ngì-, listener-honoring suffix) + 다〮 (Yale: -tá, declarative suffix), with the last being fully deleted. However, Jang Yun-hui suggests that it may be more appropriate to posit 이 (Yale: -i) as a colloquial Middle Korean verb-final suffix, in which case this is a simple compound of 더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix) + 이 (Yale: -i). Etymology templates: {{m|okm|-데|tr=-}} 데, {{okm-l|-데|-tey}} 데 (Yale: -tey), {{der|ko|okm|-}} Middle Korean, {{m|okm|-더〮ᅌᅵ다〮|tr=-}} 더〮ᅌᅵ다〮, {{okm-l|-더〮ᅌᅵ다〮|-té-ngì-tá}} 더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: -té-ngì-tá), {{m|okm|-더〮-|tr=-}} 더〮, {{okm-l|-더〮-|-té-|5=imperfective suffix}} 더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix), {{m|okm|-ᅌᅵ-|tr=-}} ᅌᅵ, {{okm-l|-ᅌᅵ-|-ngì-|5=listener-honoring suffix}} ᅌᅵ (Yale: -ngì-, listener-honoring suffix), {{m|okm|-다〮|tr=-}} 다〮, {{okm-l|-다〮|-tá|5=declarative suffix}} 다〮 (Yale: -tá, declarative suffix), {{m|okm|-이|tr=-}} 이, {{okm-l|-이|-i}} 이 (Yale: -i), {{m|okm|-더〮-|tr=-}} 더〮, {{okm-l|-더〮-|-té-|5=imperfective suffix}} 더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix), {{m|okm|-이|tr=-}} 이, {{okm-l|-이|-i}} 이 (Yale: -i) Head templates: {{ko-suffix}} 데 • (-de)

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-데",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "데",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-데",
        "2": "-tey"
      },
      "expansion": "데 (Yale: -tey)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "okm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-더〮ᅌᅵ다〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮ᅌᅵ다〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-더〮ᅌᅵ다〮",
        "2": "-té-ngì-tá"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: -té-ngì-tá)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-더〮-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-더〮-",
        "2": "-té-",
        "5": "imperfective suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-ᅌᅵ-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ᅌᅵ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ᅌᅵ-",
        "2": "-ngì-",
        "5": "listener-honoring suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ᅌᅵ (Yale: -ngì-, listener-honoring suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-다〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "다〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-다〮",
        "2": "-tá",
        "5": "declarative suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "다〮 (Yale: -tá, declarative suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-이",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "이",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이",
        "2": "-i"
      },
      "expansion": "이 (Yale: -i)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-더〮-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-더〮-",
        "2": "-té-",
        "5": "imperfective suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-이",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "이",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이",
        "2": "-i"
      },
      "expansion": "이 (Yale: -i)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First appears in the late sixteenth century as 데 (Yale: -tey). Traditionally analyzed as a shortening of Middle Korean 더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: -té-ngì-tá), from 더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix) + ᅌᅵ (Yale: -ngì-, listener-honoring suffix) + 다〮 (Yale: -tá, declarative suffix), with the last being fully deleted.\nHowever, Jang Yun-hui suggests that it may be more appropriate to posit 이 (Yale: -i) as a colloquial Middle Korean verb-final suffix, in which case this is a simple compound of 더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix) + 이 (Yale: -i).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "데",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-de",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "데 • (-de)",
      "name": "ko-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ne",
      "word": "네"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-eu'i",
      "word": "으이"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "[I personally saw that] he was having a meal.",
          "roman": "Gyae-ga bab-eul meok-de.",
          "text": "걔가 밥을 먹데.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Intimate-style equivalent form of 더라 (-deora)."
      ],
      "id": "en--데-ko-suffix-Le9WO-9f",
      "links": [
        [
          "더라",
          "-더라#Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "[Did you personally see that] he was having a meal?",
          "roman": "Gyae-ga bab-eul meok-de?",
          "text": "걔가 밥을 먹데?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The intimate-style interrogative retrospective suffix. See 더 (-deo-) for usage notes."
      ],
      "id": "en--데-ko-suffix-hs9tDNXW",
      "links": [
        [
          "더",
          "-더-#Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-데"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean suffixes",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Korean terms without ko-IPA template"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-데",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "데",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-데",
        "2": "-tey"
      },
      "expansion": "데 (Yale: -tey)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "okm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-더〮ᅌᅵ다〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮ᅌᅵ다〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-더〮ᅌᅵ다〮",
        "2": "-té-ngì-tá"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: -té-ngì-tá)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-더〮-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-더〮-",
        "2": "-té-",
        "5": "imperfective suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-ᅌᅵ-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ᅌᅵ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ᅌᅵ-",
        "2": "-ngì-",
        "5": "listener-honoring suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ᅌᅵ (Yale: -ngì-, listener-honoring suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-다〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "다〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-다〮",
        "2": "-tá",
        "5": "declarative suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "다〮 (Yale: -tá, declarative suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-이",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "이",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이",
        "2": "-i"
      },
      "expansion": "이 (Yale: -i)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-더〮-",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-더〮-",
        "2": "-té-",
        "5": "imperfective suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-이",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "이",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이",
        "2": "-i"
      },
      "expansion": "이 (Yale: -i)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First appears in the late sixteenth century as 데 (Yale: -tey). Traditionally analyzed as a shortening of Middle Korean 더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: -té-ngì-tá), from 더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix) + ᅌᅵ (Yale: -ngì-, listener-honoring suffix) + 다〮 (Yale: -tá, declarative suffix), with the last being fully deleted.\nHowever, Jang Yun-hui suggests that it may be more appropriate to posit 이 (Yale: -i) as a colloquial Middle Korean verb-final suffix, in which case this is a simple compound of 더〮 (Yale: -té-, imperfective suffix) + 이 (Yale: -i).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "데",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-de",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "데 • (-de)",
      "name": "ko-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-ne",
      "word": "네"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-eu'i",
      "word": "으이"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "[I personally saw that] he was having a meal.",
          "roman": "Gyae-ga bab-eul meok-de.",
          "text": "걔가 밥을 먹데.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Intimate-style equivalent form of 더라 (-deora)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "더라",
          "-더라#Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "[Did you personally see that] he was having a meal?",
          "roman": "Gyae-ga bab-eul meok-de?",
          "text": "걔가 밥을 먹데?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The intimate-style interrogative retrospective suffix. See 더 (-deo-) for usage notes."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "더",
          "-더-#Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-데"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-데" meaning in All languages combined

Suffix [Korean]