"-ք" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "-ք"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian -ք (-kʻ)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-եք"
      },
      "expansion": "-եք (-ekʻ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "",
        "3": "երեխեք"
      },
      "expansion": "երեխեք (erexekʻ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-ա"
      },
      "expansion": "-ա (-a)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-այք"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian -այք (-aykʻ)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "",
        "3": "այ"
      },
      "expansion": "այ (ay)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ե"
      },
      "expansion": "ե (e)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "երեխայք"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian երեխայք (erexaykʻ)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "երեխեք"
      },
      "expansion": "Armenian երեխեք (erexekʻ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Armenian -ք (-kʻ). The -եք (-ekʻ) in երեխեք (erexekʻ) and other words ending in -ա (-a) developed from Old Armenian -այք (-aykʻ), through the regular sound change այ (ay) → ե (e); thus Old Armenian երեխայք (erexaykʻ) → Armenian երեխեք (erexekʻ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-kʻ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ք • (-kʻ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Armenian",
  "lang_code": "hy",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-er",
      "word": "-եր"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ner",
      "word": "-ներ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Armenian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 6 12 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "երեխեք ― erexekʻ ― nominative plural of երեխա (erexa)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "բանկեք ― bankekʻ ― nominative plural of բանկա (banka)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "գյուղացիք ― gyuġacʻikʻ ― nominative plural of գյուղացի (gyuġacʻi)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "վրացիք ― vracʻikʻ ― nominative plural of վրացի (vracʻi)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural nominative case marker for words suffixed with -ցի (-cʻi) and certain others"
      ],
      "id": "en--ք-hy-suffix-9PNR2emD",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ցի",
          "-ցի#Armenian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, dialectal) plural nominative case marker for words suffixed with -ցի (-cʻi) and certain others"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "dialectal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forming nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--ք-hy-suffix-35qRiWH6",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰ]",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern-Armenian",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰ]",
      "tags": [
        "Western-Armenian",
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ք"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "-ք"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: -ք (-kʻ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: -ք (-kʻ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*tréyes",
        "3": "*treyes",
        "4": "three"
      },
      "expansion": "*treyes (“three”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "trēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin trēs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "երեք"
      },
      "expansion": "երեք (erekʻ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kʷetwóres",
        "3": "*kʷetwores"
      },
      "expansion": "*kʷetwores",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "չորք"
      },
      "expansion": "չորք (čʻorkʻ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dwóh₁",
        "4": "*dwoh₁",
        "5": "two"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwoh₁ (“two”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-s-wes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-s-wes",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-w-es"
      },
      "expansion": "*-w-es",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-s"
      },
      "expansion": "*-s",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अश्व",
        "3": "अश्वासस्"
      },
      "expansion": "अश्वासस् (aśvāsas)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin is uncertain. What follows is Matasović’s summary of opinions, word for word (adjusted for Wiktionary style).\nSome scholars (e.g. Meillet and Godel) take the obvious course and derive it from Proto-Indo-European *-s [the masculine-feminine plural nominative case ending], but the sound development of word final *-s to *-kʿ is not universally accepted, though it may be supported by the development of PIE *treyes (“three”) (Latin trēs) > Arm. երեք (erekʻ), and *kʷetwores > Arm. չորք (čʻorkʻ). Other linguists assume a pronominal particle added to the bare stem, but the origin of that particle has never been explained. A recent hypothesis derives the morpheme *-kʿ- from the agglutinated Proto-Indo-European *dwoh₁ (“two”); it would have been originally a dual marker, subsequently replacing the inherited plural. It is worth noting another possibility, although it is a mere speculation: the plural marker *-kʿ can be regularly derived from *-s-wes, with the ending of the u-stems *-w-es agglutinated to the regular Nom[inative] plural marker *-s (cf. the Vedic agglutinated Nom[inative] pl[ural] in -ās-as, e.g. अश्वासस् (aśvāsas)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-kʻ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ք • (-kʻ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 6 12 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "շունք ― šunkʻ ― nominative plural of շուն (šun)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural nominative case marker"
      ],
      "id": "en--ք-xcl-suffix-Uz3oBEbU",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 6 12 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "an Armenian",
          "roman": "hay",
          "text": "հայ",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Armenians collectively",
          "roman": "haykʻ",
          "text": "հայք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Հայք ― Haykʻ ― Armenia, the country of Armenians",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forming names of countries"
      ],
      "id": "en--ք-xcl-suffix-LzfUj2sI",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ք"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Armenian inflectional suffixes",
    "Armenian lemmas",
    "Armenian suffixes",
    "Armenian terms derived from Old Armenian",
    "Armenian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Armenian undefined derivations",
    "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
    "Old Armenian lemmas",
    "Old Armenian suffixes",
    "Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Armenian terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "-ք"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian -ք (-kʻ)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-եք"
      },
      "expansion": "-եք (-ekʻ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "",
        "3": "երեխեք"
      },
      "expansion": "երեխեք (erexekʻ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-ա"
      },
      "expansion": "-ա (-a)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-այք"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian -այք (-aykʻ)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "",
        "3": "այ"
      },
      "expansion": "այ (ay)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ե"
      },
      "expansion": "ե (e)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "երեխայք"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian երեխայք (erexaykʻ)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "երեխեք"
      },
      "expansion": "Armenian երեխեք (erexekʻ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Armenian -ք (-kʻ). The -եք (-ekʻ) in երեխեք (erexekʻ) and other words ending in -ա (-a) developed from Old Armenian -այք (-aykʻ), through the regular sound change այ (ay) → ե (e); thus Old Armenian երեխայք (erexaykʻ) → Armenian երեխեք (erexekʻ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-kʻ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ք • (-kʻ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Armenian",
  "lang_code": "hy",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-er",
      "word": "-եր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ner",
      "word": "-ներ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Armenian colloquialisms",
        "Armenian dialectal terms",
        "Armenian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "երեխեք ― erexekʻ ― nominative plural of երեխա (erexa)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "բանկեք ― bankekʻ ― nominative plural of բանկա (banka)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "գյուղացիք ― gyuġacʻikʻ ― nominative plural of գյուղացի (gyuġacʻi)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "վրացիք ― vracʻikʻ ― nominative plural of վրացի (vracʻi)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural nominative case marker for words suffixed with -ցի (-cʻi) and certain others"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ցի",
          "-ցի#Armenian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, dialectal) plural nominative case marker for words suffixed with -ցի (-cʻi) and certain others"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "dialectal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forming nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰ]",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern-Armenian",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰ]",
      "tags": [
        "Western-Armenian",
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ք"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
    "Old Armenian lemmas",
    "Old Armenian suffixes",
    "Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Armenian terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "-ք"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: -ք (-kʻ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: -ք (-kʻ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*tréyes",
        "3": "*treyes",
        "4": "three"
      },
      "expansion": "*treyes (“three”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "trēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin trēs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "երեք"
      },
      "expansion": "երեք (erekʻ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kʷetwóres",
        "3": "*kʷetwores"
      },
      "expansion": "*kʷetwores",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "չորք"
      },
      "expansion": "չորք (čʻorkʻ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dwóh₁",
        "4": "*dwoh₁",
        "5": "two"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwoh₁ (“two”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-s-wes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-s-wes",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-w-es"
      },
      "expansion": "*-w-es",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-s"
      },
      "expansion": "*-s",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अश्व",
        "3": "अश्वासस्"
      },
      "expansion": "अश्वासस् (aśvāsas)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin is uncertain. What follows is Matasović’s summary of opinions, word for word (adjusted for Wiktionary style).\nSome scholars (e.g. Meillet and Godel) take the obvious course and derive it from Proto-Indo-European *-s [the masculine-feminine plural nominative case ending], but the sound development of word final *-s to *-kʿ is not universally accepted, though it may be supported by the development of PIE *treyes (“three”) (Latin trēs) > Arm. երեք (erekʻ), and *kʷetwores > Arm. չորք (čʻorkʻ). Other linguists assume a pronominal particle added to the bare stem, but the origin of that particle has never been explained. A recent hypothesis derives the morpheme *-kʿ- from the agglutinated Proto-Indo-European *dwoh₁ (“two”); it would have been originally a dual marker, subsequently replacing the inherited plural. It is worth noting another possibility, although it is a mere speculation: the plural marker *-kʿ can be regularly derived from *-s-wes, with the ending of the u-stems *-w-es agglutinated to the regular Nom[inative] plural marker *-s (cf. the Vedic agglutinated Nom[inative] pl[ural] in -ās-as, e.g. अश्वासस् (aśvāsas)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-kʻ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ք • (-kʻ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "շունք ― šunkʻ ― nominative plural of շուն (šun)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural nominative case marker"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "an Armenian",
          "roman": "hay",
          "text": "հայ",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Armenians collectively",
          "roman": "haykʻ",
          "text": "հայք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Հայք ― Haykʻ ― Armenia, the country of Armenians",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forming names of countries"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ք"
}