"통근하다" meaning in All languages combined

See 통근하다 on Wiktionary

Verb [Korean]

IPA: [tʰo̞ŋɡɯnɦa̠da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: 통근(通勤) (tonggeun) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs). Etymology templates: {{af|ko|통근(通勤)|-하다|pos2=light verb deriving active verbs|t2=to do}} 통근(通勤) (tonggeun) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs) Head templates: {{ko-verb}} 통근하다 • (tonggeunhada) (infinitive 통근해 or 통근하여, sequential 통근하니) Forms: tonggeunhada [romanization], 통근해 [infinitive], 통근하여 [infinitive], 통근하니 [sequential], irregular [table-tags], 통근한다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 통근해 [indicative, informal, non-past], 통근해요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 통근합니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 통근했다 [formal, indicative, past], 통근했어 [indicative, informal, past], 통근했어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 통근했습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 통근하느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 통근해 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 통근해요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 통근합니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 통근했느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 통근했어 [informal, interrogative, past], 통근했어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 통근했습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 통근하자 [formal, hortative], 통근해 [hortative, informal], 통근해요 [hortative, informal, polite], 통근하십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 통근해라 [formal, imperative], 통근하여라 [formal, imperative], 통근해 [imperative, informal], 통근해요 [imperative, informal, polite], 통근합시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 통근하겠다 [assertive, formal], 통근하겠어 [assertive, informal], 통근하겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 통근하겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 통근해 [causative, formal], 통근해서 [causative, informal], 통근하여서 [causative, informal], 통근하니 [causative, informal, polite], 통근하니까 [causative, formal, polite], 통근하지만 [contrastive, formal], 통근하는데 [contrastive, informal], 통근하더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 통근하고 [conjunctive, formal], 통근하면 [conditional, formal], 통근해야 [conditional, informal], 통근하여야 [conditional, informal], 통근하려고 [formal, motive-form], 통근함 [formal, noun-from-verb], 통근하기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 통근했음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 통근하였음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 통근했기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 통근하였기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 통근한 [determiner, formal, past], 통근하는 [determiner, formal, present], 통근할 [determiner, formal, future], irregular [table-tags], 통근하신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 통근하셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 통근하세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 통근하셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 통근하십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 통근하셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 통근하셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 통근하셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 통근하셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 통근하시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 통근하셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 통근하세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 통근하셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 통근하십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 통근하셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 통근하셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 통근하셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 통근하셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], - [interrogative], 통근하시라 [imperative, informal], 통근하셔 [imperative, informal, polite], 통근하세요 [formal, imperative, polite], 통근하십시오 [imperative], 통근하시겠다 [assertive, formal], 통근하시겠어 [assertive, informal], 통근하시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 통근하시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 통근하셔 [causative, formal, imperative], 통근하셔서 [causative, informal], 통근하시니 [causative, informal, polite], 통근하시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 통근하시지만 [contrastive, formal], 통근하시는데 [contrastive, informal], 통근하시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 통근하시고 [conjunctive, formal], 통근하시면 [conditional, formal], 통근하셔야 [conditional, informal], 통근하시려고 [formal, motive-form], 통근하심 [formal, imperative, noun-from-verb], 통근하시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 통근하셨음 [formal, imperative, noun-from-verb, past], 통근하셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 통근하신 [determiner, formal, imperative, past], 통근하시는 [determiner, formal, imperative, present], 통근하실 [determiner, formal, future, imperative]
  1. (intransitive) to commute Tags: intransitive
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "통근(通勤)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "통근(通勤) (tonggeun) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "통근(通勤) (tonggeun) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tonggeunhada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근한다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근합니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했습니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하느냐",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근합니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했느냐",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했습니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하자",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하십시다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해라",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하여라",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근합시오",
      "roman": "tonggeunhapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하겠다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하겠어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하겠어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하겠습니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해서",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하여서",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하니",
      "roman": "tonggeunhani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하지만",
      "roman": "tonggeunhajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하는데",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하더니",
      "roman": "tonggeunhadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하고",
      "roman": "tonggeunhago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하면",
      "roman": "tonggeunhamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해야",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하여야",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하려고",
      "roman": "tonggeunharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근함",
      "roman": "tonggeunham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했음",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하였음",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하였기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근한",
      "roman": "tonggeunhan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하는",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근할",
      "roman": "tonggeunhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하신다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하세요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하십니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨습니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시느냐",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하세요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하십니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨느냐",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨습니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시라",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하세요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하십시오",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시겠다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시겠어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시겠어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔서",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시니",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시지만",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시는데",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시더니",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시고",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시면",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔야",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시려고",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하심",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨음",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하신",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시는",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하실",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "통근하다 • (tonggeunhada) (infinitive 통근해 or 통근하여, sequential 통근하니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to commute"
      ],
      "id": "en-통근하다-ko-verb-RDdVWQzD",
      "links": [
        [
          "commute",
          "commute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to commute"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tʰo̞ŋɡɯnɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "통근하다"
    },
    {
      "other": "[통근하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "통근하다"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "통근(通勤)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "통근(通勤) (tonggeun) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "통근(通勤) (tonggeun) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tonggeunhada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근한다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근합니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했습니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하느냐",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근합니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했느냐",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했습니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하자",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하십시다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해라",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하여라",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근합시오",
      "roman": "tonggeunhapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하겠다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하겠어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하겠어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하겠습니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해",
      "roman": "tonggeunhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해서",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하여서",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하니",
      "roman": "tonggeunhani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하지만",
      "roman": "tonggeunhajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하는데",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하더니",
      "roman": "tonggeunhadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하고",
      "roman": "tonggeunhago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하면",
      "roman": "tonggeunhamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근해야",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하여야",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하려고",
      "roman": "tonggeunharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근함",
      "roman": "tonggeunham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했음",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하였음",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근했기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하였기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근한",
      "roman": "tonggeunhan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하는",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근할",
      "roman": "tonggeunhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하신다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하세요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하십니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨습니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시느냐",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하세요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하십니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨느냐",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨습니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시라",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하세요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하십시오",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시겠다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시겠어",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시겠어요",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔서",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시니",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시니까",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시지만",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시는데",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시더니",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시고",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시면",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셔야",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시려고",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하심",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨음",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하셨기",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하신",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하시는",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "통근하실",
      "roman": "tonggeunhasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "통근하다 • (tonggeunhada) (infinitive 통근해 or 통근하여, sequential 통근하니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean ha-irregular verbs",
        "Korean intransitive verbs",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to commute"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "commute",
          "commute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to commute"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tʰo̞ŋɡɯnɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "통근하다"
    },
    {
      "other": "[통근하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "통근하다"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 통근하다 meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (606a11c and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.