See 首爾 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ko",
"3": "^서울"
},
"expansion": "Korean 서울 (Seoul)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首",
"2": "first"
},
"expansion": "首 (shǒu, “first”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ko",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic matching from Korean",
"name": "psm"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首都",
"2": "capital"
},
"expansion": "首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "成都商报"
},
"expansion": "成都商报",
"name": "lw"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul). The first character 首 (shǒu, “first”) is a phono-semantic matching from Korean. Compare 首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "首尔",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "首爾",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Cities in South Korea",
"orig": "zh:Cities in South Korea",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "zh:National capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in South Korea",
"orig": "zh:Places in South Korea",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Seoul",
"orig": "zh:Seoul",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
],
"id": "en-首爾-zh-name-6esF9GZQ",
"links": [
[
"市",
"市#Chinese"
],
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"South Korea",
"South Korea#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～市) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"word": "漢城／汉城"
},
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"word": "漢城"
},
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"word": "汉城"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Shǒu'ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Sú-ngí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "Siū-ī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Siú-jíⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "siu² re²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵seu-er"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shǒu'ěr [Phonetic:shóuěr]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shǒu-ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shou³-êrh³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shǒu-ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shooueel"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Шоуэр"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Šouer"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "sáu yíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "seo² yi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Sú-ngí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "su^ˋ ngi^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "Siū-ī"
},
{
"ipa": "/sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "siwnie"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Siú-jínn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "siwjvie"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "siú jṳ́"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵seu-er"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "seu^去 r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²seu-er"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɤ³³ əl⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: shóuěr]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɤ³³ əl⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "首爾"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ko",
"3": "^서울"
},
"expansion": "Korean 서울 (Seoul)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首",
"2": "first"
},
"expansion": "首 (shǒu, “first”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ko",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic matching from Korean",
"name": "psm"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首都",
"2": "capital"
},
"expansion": "首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "成都商报"
},
"expansion": "成都商报",
"name": "lw"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul). The first character 首 (shǒu, “first”) is a phono-semantic matching from Korean. Compare 首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "首尔",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "首爾",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Chinese phono-semantic matchings from Korean",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Korean",
"Chinese terms derived from Korean",
"Chinese terms spelled with 爾",
"Chinese terms spelled with 首",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka proper nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien proper nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew proper nouns",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu proper nouns",
"zh:Cities in South Korea",
"zh:National capitals",
"zh:Places in South Korea",
"zh:Seoul"
],
"glosses": [
"Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
],
"links": [
[
"市",
"市#Chinese"
],
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"South Korea",
"South Korea#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～市) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Shǒu'ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Sú-ngí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "Siū-ī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Siú-jíⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "siu² re²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵seu-er"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shǒu'ěr [Phonetic:shóuěr]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shǒu-ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shou³-êrh³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shǒu-ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Shooueel"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Шоуэр"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Šouer"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "sáu yíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "seo² yi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Sú-ngí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "su^ˋ ngi^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "Siū-ī"
},
{
"ipa": "/sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "siwnie"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Siú-jínn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "siwjvie"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "siú jṳ́"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵seu-er"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "seu^去 r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²seu-er"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɤ³³ əl⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: shóuěr]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɤ³³ əl⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"word": "漢城／汉城"
},
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"word": "漢城"
},
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"word": "汉城"
}
],
"word": "首爾"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 首爾 meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"首爾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "首爾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"首爾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "首爾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～市",
"path": [
"首爾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "首爾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～市",
"path": [
"首爾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "首爾",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.