See 首爾 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ko",
"3": "^서울"
},
"expansion": "Korean 서울 (Seoul)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首",
"2": "first"
},
"expansion": "首 (shǒu, “first”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ko",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic matching from Korean",
"name": "psm"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首都",
"2": "capital"
},
"expansion": "首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "成都商报"
},
"expansion": "成都商报",
"name": "lw"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul). The first character 首 (shǒu, “first”) is a phono-semantic matching from Korean. Compare 首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "首尔",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "首爾",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Cities in South Korea",
"orig": "zh:Cities in South Korea",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "zh:National capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in South Korea",
"orig": "zh:Places in South Korea",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Seoul",
"orig": "zh:Seoul",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
],
"id": "en-首爾-zh-name-6esF9GZQ",
"links": [
[
"市",
"市#Chinese"
],
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"South Korea",
"South Korea#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～市) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"word": "漢城"
},
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"word": "汉城"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Shǒu'ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "Sú-ngí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "Siū-ī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-jíⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "siu² re²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵seu-er"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Shǒu'ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "shóuěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Shǒu-ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Shou³-êrh³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Shǒu-ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Shooueel"
},
{
"roman": "Šouer",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Шоуэр"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "sáu yíh"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "seo² yi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "Sú-ngí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "su^ˋ ngi^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "Siū-ī"
},
{
"ipa": "/sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "siwnie"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-jíⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-jínn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "siwjvie"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "siu² re²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "siú jṳ́"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵seu-er"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "seu^去 r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "²seu-er"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɤ³³ əl⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "首爾"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ko",
"3": "^서울"
},
"expansion": "Korean 서울 (Seoul)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首",
"2": "first"
},
"expansion": "首 (shǒu, “first”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ko",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic matching from Korean",
"name": "psm"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首都",
"2": "capital"
},
"expansion": "首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "成都商报"
},
"expansion": "成都商报",
"name": "lw"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul). The first character 首 (shǒu, “first”) is a phono-semantic matching from Korean. Compare 首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "首尔",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "首爾",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Chinese phono-semantic matchings from Korean",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Korean",
"Chinese terms derived from Korean",
"Chinese terms spelled with 爾",
"Chinese terms spelled with 首",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka proper nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien proper nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew proper nouns",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu proper nouns",
"zh:Cities in South Korea",
"zh:National capitals",
"zh:Places in South Korea",
"zh:Seoul"
],
"glosses": [
"Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
],
"links": [
[
"市",
"市#Chinese"
],
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"South Korea",
"South Korea#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～市) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Shǒu'ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "Sú-ngí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "Siū-ī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-jíⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "siu² re²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵seu-er"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Shǒu'ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "shóuěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Shǒu-ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Shou³-êrh³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Shǒu-ěr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Shooueel"
},
{
"roman": "Šouer",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Шоуэр"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "sáu yíh"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "sau² ji⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "seo² yi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "Sú-ngí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "su^ˋ ngi^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "su³ ngi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/su³¹ ŋi³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "Siū-ī"
},
{
"ipa": "/sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-ní"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "siwnie"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-jíⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "Siú-jínn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "siwjvie"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "siu² re²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "siú jṳ́"
},
{
"ipa": "/siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵seu-er"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "seu^去 r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "²seu-er"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɤ³³ əl⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"word": "漢城"
},
{
"roman": "Hànchéng",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"word": "汉城"
}
],
"word": "首爾"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 首爾 meaning in Chinese (6.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～市",
"path": [
"首爾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "首爾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～市",
"path": [
"首爾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "首爾",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.