See 軽い on Wiktionary
{ "antonyms": [ { "roman": "omoi", "ruby": [ [ "重", "おも" ] ], "sense": "antonym(s) of “light”", "word": "重い" } ], "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "roman": "fukkaru", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ] ], "word": "フッ軽" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "ojp", "3": "-", "sort": "かるい" }, "expansion": "Old Japanese", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "jpx-pro", "3": "*karu", "sort": "かるい" }, "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *karu", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "加流" }, "expansion": "加流", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "軽" }, "expansion": "軽", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "軽" }, "expansion": "軽", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "jpx-ryu-pro", "2": "*karu", "w": "1" }, "expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *karu", "name": "m+" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *karu. In Old Japanese, seldom used outside of proper nouns, where in the Kojiki it is spelled as 加流 and in the Man'yōshū it is spelled as 軽, suggesting that this word was already used in Old Japanese with the meaning \"light, lightweight\". This might be weakly strengthened by a kana annotation of 軽 as karu(ku) in the Nihon Shoki.\nIt is generally believed that karu(si) was the older form; this is also supported by Ryukyuan cognates (see Proto-Ryukyuan *karu). In the Heian period and Kamakura period, the variant かろし (karoshi) → かろい (karoi) has started to be in use, while 軽し (karushi) → 軽い (karui) has still seldom usage.\nLater, both karosi and karusi began to be used in parallel. Then, in Early Modern Japanese, karui slowly began to replace karoi.", "forms": [ { "form": "軽い", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "karui", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "軽く", "roman": "karuku", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ] ], "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ja-i", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "軽かろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるかろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karukaro", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective" ] }, { "form": "軽く", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるく", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karuku", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative" ] }, { "form": "軽い", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "かるい", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "karui", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "terminative" ] }, { "form": "軽い", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるい", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karui", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive" ] }, { "form": "軽けれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるけれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karukere", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical" ] }, { "form": "軽かれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるかれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karukare", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative" ] }, { "form": "軽くない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "かるくない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "karuku nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "軽かった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "karukatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽くなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるくなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "karuku nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽いです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "かるいです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "karui desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "軽くないです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "かるくないです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "karuku nai desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "軽かったです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるかったです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "karukatta desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽くなかったです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるくなかったです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "karuku nakatta desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽くて", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "かるくて", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "karukute", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "軽ければ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "かるければ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "karukereba", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "軽かったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるかったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "karukattara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽かろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "かるかろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "karukarō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "軽く", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "かるく", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "karuku", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "軽さ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "かるさ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "karusa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "かるい", "infl": "i" }, "expansion": "軽(かる)い • (karui) -i (adverbial 軽(かる)く (karuku))", "name": "ja-adj" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "adverbial": "く", "attributive": "い", "conditional": "ければ", "conjunctive": "くて", "continuative": "く", "degree": "さ", "formal": "い です", "formal_negative": "く ない です", "formal_negative_past": "く なかった です", "formal_past": "かった です", "hypothetical": "けれ", "imperative": "かれ", "imperfective": "かろ", "informal_negative": "く ない", "informal_negative_past": "く なかった", "informal_past": "かった", "kana": "かる", "lemma": "軽", "provisional": "かったら", "terminal": "い", "volitional": "かろう" }, "name": "ja-adj-infl" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "49 14 2 34", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "74 21 2 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments", "parents": [ "Links with manual fragments", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "75 10 2 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "parents": [ "Links with redundant alt parameters", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "75 10 2 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "parents": [ "Links with redundant wikilinks", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "73 10 3 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "75 10 2 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "69 24 0 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "74 19 0 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "light baggage", "roman": "karui nimotsu", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "荷", "に" ], [ "物", "もつ" ] ], "text": "軽い荷物", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "light, lightweight" ], "id": "en-軽い-ja-adj-4VRkISEl", "links": [ [ "light", "light" ], [ "lightweight", "lightweight" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "a light punishment", "roman": "karui batsu", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "罰", "ばつ" ] ], "text": "軽い罰", "type": "example" }, { "english": "mild pneumonia", "roman": "karui haien", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "肺炎", "はいえん" ] ], "text": "軽い肺炎", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "slight, light, mild" ], "id": "en-軽い-ja-adj-3sHu3ZVb", "links": [ [ "light", "light" ], [ "mild", "mild" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "an easy job", "roman": "karui shigoto", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "仕", "し" ], [ "事", "ごと" ] ], "text": "軽い仕事", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "easy" ], "id": "en-軽い-ja-adj-l8EO~gHV", "links": [ [ "easy", "easy" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "28 28 0 45", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "She is a talkative woman.", "roman": "Kanojo wa kuchi no karui onna da.", "ruby": [ [ "彼女", "かのじょ" ], [ "口", "くち" ], [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "女", "おんな" ] ], "text": "彼女は口の軽い女だ。", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "talkative" ], "id": "en-軽い-ja-adj-KlvBnjHE", "links": [ [ "talkative", "talkative" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "other": "かるい" }, { "ipa": "[ka̠ɾɯ̟i]" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Heian period", "Kamakura period", "Kojiki", "Man'yōshū", "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten", "Nihon Shoki" ], "word": "軽い" }
{ "antonyms": [ { "roman": "omoi", "ruby": [ [ "重", "おも" ] ], "sense": "antonym(s) of “light”", "word": "重い" } ], "categories": [ "Japanese adjectives", "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "Japanese lemmas", "Japanese links with manual fragments", "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese", "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic", "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese", "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic", "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji", "Japanese terms with 1 kanji", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "Japanese い-i adjectives", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries" ], "derived": [ { "roman": "fukkaru", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ] ], "word": "フッ軽" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "ojp", "3": "-", "sort": "かるい" }, "expansion": "Old Japanese", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "jpx-pro", "3": "*karu", "sort": "かるい" }, "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *karu", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "加流" }, "expansion": "加流", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "軽" }, "expansion": "軽", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "軽" }, "expansion": "軽", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "jpx-ryu-pro", "2": "*karu", "w": "1" }, "expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *karu", "name": "m+" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *karu. In Old Japanese, seldom used outside of proper nouns, where in the Kojiki it is spelled as 加流 and in the Man'yōshū it is spelled as 軽, suggesting that this word was already used in Old Japanese with the meaning \"light, lightweight\". This might be weakly strengthened by a kana annotation of 軽 as karu(ku) in the Nihon Shoki.\nIt is generally believed that karu(si) was the older form; this is also supported by Ryukyuan cognates (see Proto-Ryukyuan *karu). In the Heian period and Kamakura period, the variant かろし (karoshi) → かろい (karoi) has started to be in use, while 軽し (karushi) → 軽い (karui) has still seldom usage.\nLater, both karosi and karusi began to be used in parallel. Then, in Early Modern Japanese, karui slowly began to replace karoi.", "forms": [ { "form": "軽い", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "karui", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "軽く", "roman": "karuku", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ] ], "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ja-i", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "軽かろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるかろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karukaro", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective" ] }, { "form": "軽く", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるく", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karuku", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative" ] }, { "form": "軽い", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "かるい", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "karui", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "terminative" ] }, { "form": "軽い", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるい", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karui", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive" ] }, { "form": "軽けれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるけれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karukere", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical" ] }, { "form": "軽かれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "かるかれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "karukare", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative" ] }, { "form": "軽くない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "かるくない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "karuku nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "軽かった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "karukatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽くなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるくなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "karuku nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽いです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "かるいです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "karui desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "軽くないです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "かるくないです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "karuku nai desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "軽かったです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるかったです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "karukatta desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽くなかったです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるくなかったです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "karuku nakatta desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽くて", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "かるくて", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "karukute", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "軽ければ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "かるければ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "karukereba", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "軽かったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "かるかったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "karukattara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "軽かろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "かるかろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "karukarō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "軽く", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "かるく", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "karuku", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "軽さ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "かるさ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "karusa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "かるい", "infl": "i" }, "expansion": "軽(かる)い • (karui) -i (adverbial 軽(かる)く (karuku))", "name": "ja-adj" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "adverbial": "く", "attributive": "い", "conditional": "ければ", "conjunctive": "くて", "continuative": "く", "degree": "さ", "formal": "い です", "formal_negative": "く ない です", "formal_negative_past": "く なかった です", "formal_past": "かった です", "hypothetical": "けれ", "imperative": "かれ", "imperfective": "かろ", "informal_negative": "く ない", "informal_negative_past": "く なかった", "informal_past": "かった", "kana": "かる", "lemma": "軽", "provisional": "かったら", "terminal": "い", "volitional": "かろう" }, "name": "ja-adj-infl" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "light baggage", "roman": "karui nimotsu", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "荷", "に" ], [ "物", "もつ" ] ], "text": "軽い荷物", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "light, lightweight" ], "links": [ [ "light", "light" ], [ "lightweight", "lightweight" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "a light punishment", "roman": "karui batsu", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "罰", "ばつ" ] ], "text": "軽い罰", "type": "example" }, { "english": "mild pneumonia", "roman": "karui haien", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "肺炎", "はいえん" ] ], "text": "軽い肺炎", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "slight, light, mild" ], "links": [ [ "light", "light" ], [ "mild", "mild" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "an easy job", "roman": "karui shigoto", "ruby": [ [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "仕", "し" ], [ "事", "ごと" ] ], "text": "軽い仕事", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "easy" ], "links": [ [ "easy", "easy" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "She is a talkative woman.", "roman": "Kanojo wa kuchi no karui onna da.", "ruby": [ [ "彼女", "かのじょ" ], [ "口", "くち" ], [ "軽", "かる" ], [ "女", "おんな" ] ], "text": "彼女は口の軽い女だ。", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "talkative" ], "links": [ [ "talkative", "talkative" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "other": "かるい" }, { "ipa": "[ka̠ɾɯ̟i]" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Heian period", "Kamakura period", "Kojiki", "Man'yōshū", "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten", "Nihon Shoki" ], "word": "軽い" }
Download raw JSONL data for 軽い meaning in All languages combined (9.6kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.