See 調音 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "调音",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "調音",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "zh:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tune (a musical instrument)"
],
"id": "en-調音-zh-verb-dyN1nDaD",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"tune",
"tune"
],
[
"musical instrument",
"musical instrument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) to tune (a musical instrument)"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄧㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ jam¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻiao²-yin¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyáu-yīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tyauin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяоинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjaoinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tìuh yām"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ jam¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ yem¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diau'ym"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau¹³⁻²² im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²³⁻³³ im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau¹³⁻²² im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²³⁻³³ im⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "調音"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "调音",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "調音",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "zh:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tuning (a musical instrument)"
],
"id": "en-調音-zh-noun-mEsJf~Dq",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"tuning",
"tuning"
],
[
"musical instrument",
"musical instrument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) tuning (a musical instrument)"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄧㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ jam¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻiao²-yin¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyáu-yīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tyauin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяоинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjaoinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tìuh yām"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ jam¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ yem¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diau'ym"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau¹³⁻²² im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²³⁻³³ im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau¹³⁻²² im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²³⁻³³ im⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "調音"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "調音",
"ruby": [
[
"調",
"ちょう"
],
[
"音",
"おん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chōon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ちょうおん"
},
"expansion": "調(ちょう)音(おん) • (chōon)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "ja:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "ja:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"articulation"
],
"id": "en-調音-ja-noun-UAV725j1",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"articulation",
"articulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, phonetics) articulation"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"human-sciences",
"lifestyle",
"linguistics",
"music",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "調音"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 調",
"Chinese terms spelled with 音",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "调音",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "調音",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"to tune (a musical instrument)"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"tune",
"tune"
],
[
"musical instrument",
"musical instrument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) to tune (a musical instrument)"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄧㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ jam¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻiao²-yin¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyáu-yīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tyauin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяоинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjaoinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tìuh yām"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ jam¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ yem¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diau'ym"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau¹³⁻²² im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²³⁻³³ im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau¹³⁻²² im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²³⁻³³ im⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "調音"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 調",
"Chinese terms spelled with 音",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "调音",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "調音",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"tuning (a musical instrument)"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"tuning",
"tuning"
],
[
"musical instrument",
"musical instrument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) tuning (a musical instrument)"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄧㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ jam¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiáoyin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻiao²-yin¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyáu-yīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tyauin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяоинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjaoinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tìuh yām"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ jam¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu⁴ yem¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tiâu-im"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diau'ym"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau¹³⁻²² im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²³⁻³³ im⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻²² im³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau¹³⁻²² im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiau²³⁻³³ im⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "調音"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "調音",
"ruby": [
[
"調",
"ちょう"
],
[
"音",
"おん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chōon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ちょうおん"
},
"expansion": "調(ちょう)音(おん) • (chōon)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Music",
"ja:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"articulation"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"articulation",
"articulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, phonetics) articulation"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"human-sciences",
"lifestyle",
"linguistics",
"music",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "調音"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 調音 meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"調音"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "調音",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"調音"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "調音",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"調音"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "調音",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"調音"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "調音",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"調音"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "調音",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.