See 苦戦 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦戦",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"戦",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くせん"
},
"expansion": "苦(く)戦(せん) • (kusen)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"close fight"
],
"id": "en-苦戦-ja-noun-dg5SQvLF"
}
],
"word": "苦戦"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦戦する",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"戦",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦し",
"roman": "kusen shi",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"戦",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦した",
"roman": "kusen shita",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"戦",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くせん"
},
"expansion": "苦(く)戦(せん)する • (kusen suru) suru (stem 苦(く)戦(せん)し (kusen shi), past 苦(く)戦(せん)した (kusen shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have a tight fight"
],
"id": "en-苦戦-ja-verb-vuPF38vO",
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
]
]
}
],
"word": "苦戦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦戦",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"戦",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くせん"
},
"expansion": "苦(く)戦(せん) • (kusen)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"close fight"
]
}
],
"word": "苦戦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦戦する",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"戦",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦し",
"roman": "kusen shi",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"戦",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦した",
"roman": "kusen shita",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"戦",
"せん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦戦すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くせんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kusen sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くせん"
},
"expansion": "苦(く)戦(せん)する • (kusen suru) suru (stem 苦(く)戦(せん)し (kusen shi), past 苦(く)戦(せん)した (kusen shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to have a tight fight"
],
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
]
]
}
],
"word": "苦戦"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 苦戦 meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"苦戦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦戦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"苦戦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦戦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"苦戦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦戦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"苦戦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦戦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"苦戦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦戦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"苦戦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦戦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"苦戦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦戦",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.