See 苦悩 on Wiktionary
{
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],
"etymology_text": "/kunau/ → /kunɔː/ → /kunoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 苦惱／苦恼 (khu^X nɑu^X, literally “suffering + anger, hatred”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦悩",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"悩",
"のう"
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"form": "kunō",
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"lang": "Japanese",
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{
"_dis": "46 54",
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],
"glosses": [
"suffering, distress, anguish, agony"
],
"id": "en-苦悩-ja-noun-gawjFMCV",
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"agony",
"agony"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くのー"
},
{
"other": "くのー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟no̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "苦悩"
}
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"etymology_text": "/kunau/ → /kunɔː/ → /kunoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 苦惱／苦恼 (khu^X nɑu^X, literally “suffering + anger, hatred”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦悩する",
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[
"苦",
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"form": "kunō suru",
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},
{
"form": "kunau",
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},
{
"form": "苦悩し",
"roman": "kunō shi",
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"苦",
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"form": "ja-suru",
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{
"form": "苦悩し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "くのうし",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "kunō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "苦悩する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
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},
{
"form": "くのうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
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},
{
"form": "くのうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
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"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
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},
{
"form": "kunō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
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"conditional",
"hypothetical"
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"to suffer, to be in agony or distress, to agonize over something"
],
"id": "en-苦悩-ja-verb-T3MocAu~",
"links": [
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"agony",
"agony"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"agonize",
"agonize"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "overtones of pain, possibly physical",
"roman": "kutsū",
"ruby": [
[
"苦痛",
"くつう"
]
],
"word": "苦痛"
},
{
"english": "emotional pain",
"roman": "shintsū",
"ruby": [
[
"心痛",
"しんつう"
]
],
"word": "心痛"
},
{
"english": "general emotional anguish or worry",
"roman": "nayami",
"ruby": [
[
"悩",
"なや"
]
],
"word": "悩み"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くのー"
},
{
"other": "くのー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟no̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "苦悩"
}
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"etymology_text": "/kunau/ → /kunɔː/ → /kunoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 苦惱／苦恼 (khu^X nɑu^X, literally “suffering + anger, hatred”).",
"forms": [
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"form": "苦悩",
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[
"苦",
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"name": "ja-noun"
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],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffering, distress, anguish, agony"
],
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
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"distress",
"distress"
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[
"anguish",
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"etymology_text": "/kunau/ → /kunɔː/ → /kunoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 苦惱／苦恼 (khu^X nɑu^X, literally “suffering + anger, hatred”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦悩する",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
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[
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"のう"
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"form": "kunō suru",
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},
{
"form": "kunau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
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},
{
"form": "苦悩し",
"roman": "kunō shi",
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[
"苦",
"く"
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[
"悩",
"のう"
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{
"form": "苦悩した",
"roman": "kunō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"悩",
"のう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦悩すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くのうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kunō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to suffer, to be in agony or distress, to agonize over something"
],
"links": [
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"agony",
"agony"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"agonize",
"agonize"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くのー"
},
{
"other": "くのー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟no̞ː]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "overtones of pain, possibly physical",
"roman": "kutsū",
"ruby": [
[
"苦痛",
"くつう"
]
],
"word": "苦痛"
},
{
"english": "emotional pain",
"roman": "shintsū",
"ruby": [
[
"心痛",
"しんつう"
]
],
"word": "心痛"
},
{
"english": "general emotional anguish or worry",
"roman": "nayami",
"ruby": [
[
"悩",
"なや"
]
],
"word": "悩み"
}
],
"word": "苦悩"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 苦悩 meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"苦悩"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "苦悩",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.