"苦しむ" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "くるしむ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE and related to 苦しい (kurushii, “painful, suffering”). See that entry for more details.\n-mu is an auxiliary suffix of becoming the specified state.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "苦しむ",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "くる"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しみ",
      "roman": "kurushimi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "くる"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しんだ",
      "roman": "kurushinda",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "くる"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-mu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushima",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushime",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushinde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くるしむ",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "苦(くる)しむ • (kurushimu) intransitive godan (stem 苦(くる)しみ (kurushimi), past 苦(くる)しんだ (kurushinda))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "For Palestinians, it has meant suffering the humiliation of occupation, and never living in a nation of their own.",
          "roman": "Sore wa senryō no kutsujoku ni kurushimu koto o, soshite jibun no kuni ni sunde inai koto o imi shite kita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "占領",
              "せんりょう"
            ],
            [
              "屈辱",
              "くつじょく"
            ],
            [
              "苦",
              "くる"
            ],
            [
              "自分",
              "じぶん"
            ],
            [
              "国",
              "くに"
            ],
            [
              "住",
              "す"
            ],
            [
              "意味",
              "いみ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "それは占領の屈辱に苦しむことを、そして自分の国に住んでいないことを意味してきた。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffer, struggle with, be tormented by"
      ],
      "id": "en-苦しむ-ja-verb-IkW9oqy5",
      "links": [
        [
          "suffer",
          "suffer"
        ],
        [
          "struggle",
          "struggle"
        ],
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Kojiki",
        "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "くるしむ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɕimɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "苦しむ"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "くるしむ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE and related to 苦しい (kurushii, “painful, suffering”). See that entry for more details.\n-mu is an auxiliary suffix of becoming the specified state.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "苦しむ",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "くる"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しみ",
      "roman": "kurushimi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "くる"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しんだ",
      "roman": "kurushinda",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "くる"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-mu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushima",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushime",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushinde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦しめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くるしめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kurushimeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くるしむ",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "苦(くる)しむ • (kurushimu) intransitive godan (stem 苦(くる)しみ (kurushimi), past 苦(くる)しんだ (kurushinda))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese godan verbs",
        "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
        "Japanese intransitive verbs",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
        "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
        "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Japanese verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "For Palestinians, it has meant suffering the humiliation of occupation, and never living in a nation of their own.",
          "roman": "Sore wa senryō no kutsujoku ni kurushimu koto o, soshite jibun no kuni ni sunde inai koto o imi shite kita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "占領",
              "せんりょう"
            ],
            [
              "屈辱",
              "くつじょく"
            ],
            [
              "苦",
              "くる"
            ],
            [
              "自分",
              "じぶん"
            ],
            [
              "国",
              "くに"
            ],
            [
              "住",
              "す"
            ],
            [
              "意味",
              "いみ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "それは占領の屈辱に苦しむことを、そして自分の国に住んでいないことを意味してきた。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffer, struggle with, be tormented by"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "suffer",
          "suffer"
        ],
        [
          "struggle",
          "struggle"
        ],
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Kojiki",
        "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "くるしむ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɕimɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "苦しむ"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "苦しむ"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦しむ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦しむ"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦しむ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦しむ"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦しむ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦しむ"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦しむ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦しむ"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦しむ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦しむ"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦しむ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦しむ"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦しむ",
  "trace": ""
}