"耕耘" meaning in All languages combined

See 耕耘 on Wiktionary

Verb [Chinese]

IPA: /kɤŋ⁵⁵ yn³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kaːŋ⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kaŋ²⁴ i̯un¹¹/ [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /kaŋ²⁴ (j)i̯un¹¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Sinological-IPA, Sixian, Southern], /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kiɪŋ³³ un²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /kẽ³³⁻²³ uŋ⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /kɤŋ⁵⁵ yn³⁵/, /kaːŋ⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/, /kaŋ²⁴ i̯un¹¹/, /kaŋ²⁴ (j)i̯un¹¹/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un²⁴/, /kiɪŋ³³ un²⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un¹³/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²³/, /kẽ³³⁻²³ uŋ⁵⁵/ Chinese transliterations: gēngyún [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄍㄥ ㄩㄣˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gaang¹ wan⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], kâng-yùn [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], keng-ûn [Hokkien, POJ], gên¹ ung⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], gēngyún [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], gengyún [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kêng¹-yün² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], gēng-yún [Mandarin, Yale], gengyun [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], гэнъюнь [Mandarin, Palladius], gɛnʺjunʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], gāang wàhn [Cantonese, Yale], gaang¹ wan⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gang¹ wen⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], kâng-yùn [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gang´ iunˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], gang¹ yun² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], kâng-yùn [Hakka, Meinong, Phak-fa-su, Sixian, Southern], gang´ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], r [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], iunˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], gang¹ yun² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], king-ûn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], keng'uun [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], keⁿ ûng [POJ, Teochew], keang hjun [Middle-Chinese], /*kreːŋ ɢun/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 耕耘
  1. (literally) to plow and weed; to do farm work; to cultivate Tags: literally Categories (topical): Agriculture
    Sense id: en-耕耘-zh-verb-cjFWCqLG Disambiguation of Agriculture: 66 34 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 67 33
  2. (figuratively) to work or study diligently Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-耕耘-zh-verb-SgSmhGUM
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 一分耕耘,一分收穫/一分耕耘,一分收获 (yī fēn gēngyún, yī fēn shōuhuò), 耕耘機 (gēngyúnjī), 耕耘机 (gēngyúnjī)

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ko̞ːɯ̟̃ᵝɴ] Forms: 耕耘 [canonical] (ruby: (こう), (うん)), kōun [romanization], kauun [romanization], かううん [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 耕耘 (MC keang hjun). Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|耕耘}} 耕耘 (MC keang hjun) Head templates: {{ja-noun|こううん|hhira=かう.うん}} 耕(こう)耘(うん) • (kōun) ^(←かううん (kauun)?)
  1. plowing and weeding Categories (topical): Agriculture
    Sense id: en-耕耘-ja-noun-93RBBIiV Disambiguation of Agriculture: 77 23 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 60 40 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 87 13 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 87 13 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 87 13 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 87 13 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 49 51

Verb [Japanese]

IPA: [ko̞ːɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 耕耘 (MC keang hjun). Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|耕耘}} 耕耘 (MC keang hjun) Forms: 耕耘する [canonical] (ruby: (こう), (うん)), kōun suru [romanization], kauun [romanization], 耕耘し [stem] (ruby: (こう), (うん)), 耕耘した [past] (ruby: (こう), (うん)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 耕耘し [error-unrecognized-form], こううんし [error-unrecognized-form], kōun shi [error-unrecognized-form], 耕耘する [error-unrecognized-form], こううんする [error-unrecognized-form], kōun suru [error-unrecognized-form], 耕耘すれ [error-unrecognized-form], こううんすれ [error-unrecognized-form], kōun sure [error-unrecognized-form], 耕耘せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 耕耘しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], こううんせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], こううんしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], kōun seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], kōun shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 耕耘される [passive], こううんされる [passive], kōun sareru [passive], 耕耘させる [causative], 耕耘さす [causative], こううんさせる [causative], こううんさす [causative], kōun saseru [causative], kōun sasu [causative], 耕耘できる [potential], こううんできる [potential], kōun dekiru [potential], 耕耘しよう [volitional], こううんしよう [volitional], kōun shiyō [volitional], 耕耘しない [negative], こううんしない [negative], kōun shinai [negative], 耕耘せず [continuative, negative], こううんせず [continuative, negative], kōun sezu [continuative, negative], 耕耘します [formal], こううんします [formal], kōun shimasu [formal], 耕耘した [perfective], こううんした [perfective], kōun shita [perfective], 耕耘して [conjunctive], こううんして [conjunctive], kōun shite [conjunctive], 耕耘すれば [conditional, hypothetical], こううんすれば [conditional, hypothetical], kōun sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to plow and weed
    Sense id: en-耕耘-ja-verb-U3TpVAQV Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 49 51

Download JSON data for 耕耘 meaning in All languages combined (12.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yī fēn gēngyún, yī fēn shōuhuò",
      "word": "一分耕耘,一分收穫/一分耕耘,一分收获"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gēngyúnjī",
      "word": "耕耘機"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gēngyúnjī",
      "word": "耕耘机"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "耕耘",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Agriculture",
          "orig": "zh:Agriculture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plow and weed; to do farm work; to cultivate"
      ],
      "id": "en-耕耘-zh-verb-cjFWCqLG",
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ],
        [
          "weed",
          "weed"
        ],
        [
          "farm",
          "farm"
        ],
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "cultivate",
          "cultivate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literally) to plow and weed; to do farm work; to cultivate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to work or study diligently"
      ],
      "id": "en-耕耘-zh-verb-SgSmhGUM",
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "diligently",
          "diligently"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) to work or study diligently"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gēngyún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄥ ㄩㄣˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaang¹ wan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kâng-yùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keng-ûn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gên¹ ung⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gēngyún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gengyún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kêng¹-yün²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gēng-yún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gengyun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гэнъюнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gɛnʺjunʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɤŋ⁵⁵ yn³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāang wàhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaang¹ wan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang¹ wen⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaːŋ⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kâng-yùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang´ iunˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang¹ yun²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ²⁴ i̯un¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kâng-yùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "r"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "iunˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang¹ yun²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ²⁴ (j)i̯un¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "king-ûn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keng'uun"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ³³ un²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keⁿ ûng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kẽ³³⁻²³ uŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keang hjun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kreːŋ ɢun/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɤŋ⁵⁵ yn³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaːŋ⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ²⁴ i̯un¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ²⁴ (j)i̯un¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ³³ un²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kẽ³³⁻²³ uŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kreːŋ ɢun/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "耕耘"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "耕耘"
      },
      "expansion": "耕耘 (MC keang hjun)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 耕耘 (MC keang hjun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "耕耘",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耕",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "耘",
          "うん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauun",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かううん",
      "roman": "kauun",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こううん",
        "hhira": "かう.うん"
      },
      "expansion": "耕(こう)耘(うん) • (kōun) ^(←かううん (kauun)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Agriculture",
          "orig": "ja:Agriculture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plowing and weeding"
      ],
      "id": "en-耕耘-ja-noun-93RBBIiV",
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ],
        [
          "weed",
          "weed"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーうん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "耕耘"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "耕耘"
      },
      "expansion": "耕耘 (MC keang hjun)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 耕耘 (MC keang hjun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "耕耘する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耕",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "耘",
          "うん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauun",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘し",
      "roman": "kōun shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耕",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "耘",
          "うん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘した",
      "roman": "kōun shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耕",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "耘",
          "うん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plow and weed"
      ],
      "id": "en-耕耘-ja-verb-U3TpVAQV",
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ],
        [
          "weed",
          "weed"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーうん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "耕耘"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese lemmas",
    "ja:Agriculture",
    "zh:Agriculture"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "yī fēn gēngyún, yī fēn shōuhuò",
      "word": "一分耕耘,一分收穫/一分耕耘,一分收获"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gēngyúnjī",
      "word": "耕耘機"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gēngyúnjī",
      "word": "耕耘机"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "耕耘",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to plow and weed; to do farm work; to cultivate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ],
        [
          "weed",
          "weed"
        ],
        [
          "farm",
          "farm"
        ],
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "cultivate",
          "cultivate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literally) to plow and weed; to do farm work; to cultivate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to work or study diligently"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "diligently",
          "diligently"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) to work or study diligently"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gēngyún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄥ ㄩㄣˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaang¹ wan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kâng-yùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keng-ûn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gên¹ ung⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gēngyún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gengyún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kêng¹-yün²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gēng-yún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gengyun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гэнъюнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gɛnʺjunʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɤŋ⁵⁵ yn³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāang wàhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaang¹ wan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang¹ wen⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaːŋ⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kâng-yùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang´ iunˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang¹ yun²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ²⁴ i̯un¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kâng-yùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "r"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "iunˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gang¹ yun²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ²⁴ (j)i̯un¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "king-ûn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keng'uun"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ³³ un²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keⁿ ûng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kẽ³³⁻²³ uŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "keang hjun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kreːŋ ɢun/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɤŋ⁵⁵ yn³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaːŋ⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ²⁴ i̯un¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ²⁴ (j)i̯un¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ³³ un²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² un¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ un²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kẽ³³⁻²³ uŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kreːŋ ɢun/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "耕耘"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
    "ja:Agriculture"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "耕耘"
      },
      "expansion": "耕耘 (MC keang hjun)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 耕耘 (MC keang hjun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "耕耘",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耕",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "耘",
          "うん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauun",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かううん",
      "roman": "kauun",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こううん",
        "hhira": "かう.うん"
      },
      "expansion": "耕(こう)耘(うん) • (kōun) ^(←かううん (kauun)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "plowing and weeding"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ],
        [
          "weed",
          "weed"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーうん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "耕耘"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
    "ja:Agriculture"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "耕耘"
      },
      "expansion": "耕耘 (MC keang hjun)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 耕耘 (MC keang hjun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "耕耘する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耕",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "耘",
          "うん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauun",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘し",
      "roman": "kōun shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耕",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "耘",
          "うん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘した",
      "roman": "kōun shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耕",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "耘",
          "うん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "耕耘すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こううんすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōun sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to plow and weed"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ],
        [
          "weed",
          "weed"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーうん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "耕耘"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.