See 磨難 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "磨难",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "磨難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trial; tribulation; torment; cross to bear; hardship; suffering; hard time"
],
"id": "en-磨難-zh-noun--OmvDZlJ",
"links": [
[
"trial",
"trial"
],
[
"tribulation",
"tribulation"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"cross",
"cross"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hard time",
"hard time"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kùnkǔ",
"word": "困苦"
},
{
"roman": "huànnàn",
"word": "患難"
},
{
"roman": "huànnàn",
"word": "患难"
},
{
"roman": "yōuhuàn",
"word": "憂患"
},
{
"roman": "yōuhuàn",
"word": "忧患"
},
{
"roman": "fēnglàng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "風浪"
},
{
"roman": "fēnglàng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "风浪"
},
{
"roman": "mózhàng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "魔障"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mónàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "mo⁴ naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "mô͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mónàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mónàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "mo²-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "mwó-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "monann"
},
{
"roman": "monanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "монань"
},
{
"ipa": "/mu̯ɔ³⁵ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "磨難",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "磨难",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "魔難",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "魔难",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "mo⁴ naan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "mòh naahn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mo⁴ naan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "mo⁴ nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔː²¹ naːn²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "mô͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "môo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "molan"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "磨難"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "磨难",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "磨難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 磨",
"Chinese terms spelled with 難",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with homophones",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"trial; tribulation; torment; cross to bear; hardship; suffering; hard time"
],
"links": [
[
"trial",
"trial"
],
[
"tribulation",
"tribulation"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"cross",
"cross"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hard time",
"hard time"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mónàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "mo⁴ naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "mô͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mónàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mónàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "mo²-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "mwó-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "monann"
},
{
"roman": "monanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "монань"
},
{
"ipa": "/mu̯ɔ³⁵ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "磨難",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "磨难",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "魔難",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "魔难",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "mo⁴ naan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "mòh naahn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mo⁴ naan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "mo⁴ nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔː²¹ naːn²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "mô͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "môo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "molan"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kùnkǔ",
"word": "困苦"
},
{
"roman": "huànnàn",
"word": "患難"
},
{
"roman": "huànnàn",
"word": "患难"
},
{
"roman": "yōuhuàn",
"word": "憂患"
},
{
"roman": "yōuhuàn",
"word": "忧患"
},
{
"roman": "fēnglàng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "風浪"
},
{
"roman": "fēnglàng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "风浪"
},
{
"roman": "mózhàng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "魔障"
}
],
"word": "磨難"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 磨難 meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
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],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "磨難",
"trace": "started on line 19, detected on line 19"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
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],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "磨難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E7%A3%A8%E9%9B%A3'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"磨難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "磨難",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.