See 牡蠣 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 牡蠣 meaning in All languages combined (13.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "牡蠣"
},
"expansion": "牡蠣",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "牡%蠣",
"2": "ぼ%れい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) (borei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "모려(牡蠣)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 모려(牡蠣) (moryeo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "牡蠣",
"2": "ぼ%れい",
"3": "모려",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "牡蠣",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "牡蠣",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "牡%蠣",
"v": "牡蠣",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (牡蠣):\n* → Japanese: 牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) (borei)\n* → Korean: 모려(牡蠣) (moryeo)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ぼ%れい",
"3": "모려",
"j": "牡%蠣"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (牡蠣):\n* → Japanese: 牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) (borei)\n* → Korean: 모려(牡蠣) (moryeo)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (牡蠣):\n* → Japanese: 牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) (borei)\n* → Korean: 모려(牡蠣) (moryeo)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "蠣",
"tr": "*mə-rat-s"
},
"expansion": "蠣 (OC *mə-rat-s)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*牡"
},
"expansion": "牡",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2020"
},
"expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2020",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from 蠣 (OC *mə-rat-s), with the preinitial *mə- written out as 牡 (Baxter and Sagart, 2020).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "牡蠣",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Bivalves",
"orig": "zh:Bivalves",
"parents": [
"Mollusks",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Seafood",
"orig": "zh:Seafood",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "牡蠣煎"
},
{
"word": "牡蛎煎"
},
{
"roman": "duànmǔlì",
"word": "鍛牡蠣"
},
{
"roman": "duànmǔlì",
"word": "锻牡蛎"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, 5:51 from the start, in 《我的野蠻奶奶》, episode 6, spoken by 喜塔臘鑠蘭 [Hei Tat-Lap Sheok Lan] (汪明荃 [Liza Wang])",
"roman": "This bowl is oysters with donkey-hide gelatin and rehmannia, for enriching yin, tonifying qi, nourishing blood, and securing the foetus.",
"text": "呢一碗呢就係阿膠熟地煲牡蠣，滋陰補氣，養血固胎嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]\n呢一碗呢就系阿胶熟地煲牡蛎，滋阴补气，养血固胎嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]\nni¹ jat¹ wun² ne¹ zau⁶ hai⁶ o¹ gaau¹ suk⁶ dei⁶ bou¹ maau⁵ lai⁶, zi¹ jam¹ bou² hei³, joeng⁵ hyut³ gu³ toi¹ ge³. [Jyutping]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oyster"
],
"id": "en-牡蠣-zh-noun-8IaJ8U40",
"links": [
[
"oyster",
"oyster"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "牡蛤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "蠣蛤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "古賁"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "海蠣子"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "海蠣"
},
{
"word": "牡蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "海蠣子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "生蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "蠣黃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lianjiang"
],
"word": "八蠣"
},
{
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changtai",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lukang"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kinmen"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"word": "水生"
},
{
"word": "蠔仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "水生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "水魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Leizhou"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"word": "蚮"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "蠣黃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "蠣膏"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǔlì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "maau⁵ lai⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mau⁵ lai⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǔlì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǔlì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "mu³-li⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mǔ-lì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "muulih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "мули"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "muli"
},
{
"ipa": "/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "máauh laih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "máuh laih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "maau⁵ lai⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mau⁵ lai⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "mao⁵ lei⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "meo⁵ lei⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/maːu̯¹³ lɐi̯²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐu̯¹³ lɐi̯²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/maːu̯¹³ lɐi̯²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐu̯¹³ lɐi̯²²/"
}
],
"word": "牡蠣"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "掻き",
"3": "",
"4": "scratching, scraping",
"tr": "kaki"
},
"expansion": "掻き (kaki, “scratching, scraping”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "掻く",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch, to scrape",
"tr": "kaku"
},
"expansion": "掻く (kaku, “to scratch, to scrape”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "欠き",
"3": "",
"4": "breaking, chipping",
"tr": "kaki"
},
"expansion": "欠き (kaki, “breaking, chipping”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "欠く",
"3": "",
"4": "to break, to chip",
"tr": "kaku"
},
"expansion": "欠く (kaku, “to break, to chip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "牡蠣",
"sort": "かき"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 牡蠣／牡蛎 (mǔlì)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "熟字訓"
},
"expansion": "熟字訓",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "かき"
},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "jukujikun"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a shift from either:\n* 掻き (kaki, “scratching, scraping”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掻く (kaku, “to scratch, to scrape”), from the way that oysters are harvested by scraping them off of the oyster bed\n* 欠き (kaki, “breaking, chipping”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 欠く (kaku, “to break, to chip”), from the way that one must break or chip an oyster shell to get at the meat\nThe spelling is from Chinese 牡蠣／牡蛎 (mǔlì), as an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牡蠣",
"ruby": [
[
"牡蠣",
"かき"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "牡蠣",
"ruby": [
[
"牡蠣",
"カキ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaki",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かき",
"2": "カキ"
},
"expansion": "牡蠣(かき) or 牡蠣(カキ) • (kaki)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oyster (edible)"
],
"id": "en-牡蠣-ja-noun-OdsH~Bmi",
"links": [
[
"oyster",
"oyster"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かき"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠kʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:牡蠣"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ほれい'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "牡蠣"
},
"expansion": "牡蠣 (MC muwX ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 牡蠣 (MC muwX ljejH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牡蠣",
"ruby": [
[
"牡",
"ぼ"
],
[
"蠣",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "borei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぼれい"
},
"expansion": "牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) • (borei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "pearl oyster",
"roman": "inedible",
"ruby": [
[
"真珠貝",
"しんじゅがい"
]
],
"word": "真珠貝"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 45 33",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Bivalves",
"orig": "ja:Bivalves",
"parents": [
"Mollusks",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an oyster"
],
"id": "en-牡蠣-ja-noun-spaDb7tC",
"links": [
[
"oyster",
"oyster"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 7 55",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Seafood",
"orig": "ja:Seafood",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roasted and powdered oyster shell, used in antacids, sedatives, and as a bird feed additive"
],
"id": "en-牡蠣-ja-noun-L9NGLfOL",
"links": [
[
"roasted",
"roasted"
],
[
"powdered",
"powdered"
],
[
"oyster",
"oyster"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"antacid",
"antacid"
],
[
"sedative",
"sedative"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"feed",
"feed"
],
[
"additive",
"additive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぼれー"
},
{
"ipa": "[bo̞ɾe̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:牡蠣"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
}
{
"categories": [
"ja:Bivalves",
"ja:Seafood"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "牡蠣煎"
},
{
"word": "牡蛎煎"
},
{
"roman": "duànmǔlì",
"word": "鍛牡蠣"
},
{
"roman": "duànmǔlì",
"word": "锻牡蛎"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "牡蠣"
},
"expansion": "牡蠣",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "牡%蠣",
"2": "ぼ%れい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) (borei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "모려(牡蠣)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 모려(牡蠣) (moryeo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "牡蠣",
"2": "ぼ%れい",
"3": "모려",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "牡蠣",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "牡蠣",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "牡%蠣",
"v": "牡蠣",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (牡蠣):\n* → Japanese: 牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) (borei)\n* → Korean: 모려(牡蠣) (moryeo)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ぼ%れい",
"3": "모려",
"j": "牡%蠣"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (牡蠣):\n* → Japanese: 牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) (borei)\n* → Korean: 모려(牡蠣) (moryeo)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (牡蠣):\n* → Japanese: 牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) (borei)\n* → Korean: 모려(牡蠣) (moryeo)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "蠣",
"tr": "*mə-rat-s"
},
"expansion": "蠣 (OC *mə-rat-s)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*牡"
},
"expansion": "牡",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2020"
},
"expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2020",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from 蠣 (OC *mə-rat-s), with the preinitial *mə- written out as 牡 (Baxter and Sagart, 2020).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "牡蠣",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Cantonese terms with usage examples",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"zh:Bivalves",
"zh:Seafood"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, 5:51 from the start, in 《我的野蠻奶奶》, episode 6, spoken by 喜塔臘鑠蘭 [Hei Tat-Lap Sheok Lan] (汪明荃 [Liza Wang])",
"roman": "This bowl is oysters with donkey-hide gelatin and rehmannia, for enriching yin, tonifying qi, nourishing blood, and securing the foetus.",
"text": "呢一碗呢就係阿膠熟地煲牡蠣，滋陰補氣，養血固胎嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]\n呢一碗呢就系阿胶熟地煲牡蛎，滋阴补气，养血固胎嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]\nni¹ jat¹ wun² ne¹ zau⁶ hai⁶ o¹ gaau¹ suk⁶ dei⁶ bou¹ maau⁵ lai⁶, zi¹ jam¹ bou² hei³, joeng⁵ hyut³ gu³ toi¹ ge³. [Jyutping]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oyster"
],
"links": [
[
"oyster",
"oyster"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǔlì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "maau⁵ lai⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mau⁵ lai⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǔlì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǔlì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "mu³-li⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mǔ-lì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "muulih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "мули"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "muli"
},
{
"ipa": "/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "máauh laih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "máuh laih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "maau⁵ lai⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mau⁵ lai⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "mao⁵ lei⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "meo⁵ lei⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/maːu̯¹³ lɐi̯²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐu̯¹³ lɐi̯²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/maːu̯¹³ lɐi̯²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐu̯¹³ lɐi̯²²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "牡蛤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "蠣蛤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "古賁"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "海蠣子"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "海蠣"
},
{
"word": "牡蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "海蠣子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "生蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "蠣黃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lianjiang"
],
"word": "八蠣"
},
{
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "蠣"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changtai",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lukang"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kinmen"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "蚵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "蚵仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"word": "水生"
},
{
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"word": "蠔仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "水生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "水魚"
},
{
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Leizhou"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"word": "蚮"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"word": "蚮"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"word": "蠔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "蠣黃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "蠣膏"
}
],
"word": "牡蠣"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Bivalves",
"ja:Seafood"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "掻き",
"3": "",
"4": "scratching, scraping",
"tr": "kaki"
},
"expansion": "掻き (kaki, “scratching, scraping”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "掻く",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch, to scrape",
"tr": "kaku"
},
"expansion": "掻く (kaku, “to scratch, to scrape”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "欠き",
"3": "",
"4": "breaking, chipping",
"tr": "kaki"
},
"expansion": "欠き (kaki, “breaking, chipping”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "欠く",
"3": "",
"4": "to break, to chip",
"tr": "kaku"
},
"expansion": "欠く (kaku, “to break, to chip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "牡蠣",
"sort": "かき"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 牡蠣／牡蛎 (mǔlì)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "熟字訓"
},
"expansion": "熟字訓",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "かき"
},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "jukujikun"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a shift from either:\n* 掻き (kaki, “scratching, scraping”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掻く (kaku, “to scratch, to scrape”), from the way that oysters are harvested by scraping them off of the oyster bed\n* 欠き (kaki, “breaking, chipping”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 欠く (kaku, “to break, to chip”), from the way that one must break or chip an oyster shell to get at the meat\nThe spelling is from Chinese 牡蠣／牡蛎 (mǔlì), as an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牡蠣",
"ruby": [
[
"牡蠣",
"かき"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "牡蠣",
"ruby": [
[
"牡蠣",
"カキ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaki",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かき",
"2": "カキ"
},
"expansion": "牡蠣(かき) or 牡蠣(カキ) • (kaki)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oyster (edible)"
],
"links": [
[
"oyster",
"oyster"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かき"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠kʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:牡蠣"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Bivalves",
"ja:Seafood"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ほれい'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "牡蠣"
},
"expansion": "牡蠣 (MC muwX ljejH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 牡蠣 (MC muwX ljejH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牡蠣",
"ruby": [
[
"牡",
"ぼ"
],
[
"蠣",
"れい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "borei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぼれい"
},
"expansion": "牡(ぼ)蠣(れい) • (borei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "pearl oyster",
"roman": "inedible",
"ruby": [
[
"真珠貝",
"しんじゅがい"
]
],
"word": "真珠貝"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an oyster"
],
"links": [
[
"oyster",
"oyster"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"roasted and powdered oyster shell, used in antacids, sedatives, and as a bird feed additive"
],
"links": [
[
"roasted",
"roasted"
],
[
"powdered",
"powdered"
],
[
"oyster",
"oyster"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"antacid",
"antacid"
],
[
"sedative",
"sedative"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"feed",
"feed"
],
[
"additive",
"additive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぼれー"
},
{
"ipa": "[bo̞ɾe̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:牡蠣"
],
"word": "牡蠣"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"牡蠣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "牡蠣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"牡蠣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "牡蠣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"牡蠣"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "牡蠣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"牡蠣"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "牡蠣",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.