See 牛蒡 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "ueong",
"word": "우엉"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Korean",
"lang_code": "okm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "wuweng",
"word": "우워ᇰ"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "牛蒡",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "zh:Thistles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "63 14 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 27 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"burdock"
],
"id": "en-牛蒡-zh-noun-2gjSJWJL",
"links": [
[
"burdock",
"burdock"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "niúzǐ",
"word": "牛子"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "niúbàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄅㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ngau⁴ bong²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "giû-pông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-pông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-bō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gō͘-bō͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gō-bō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "ghu⁵ pang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "niúbàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄅㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "nióubàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "niu²-pang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "nyóu-bàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "nioubanq"
},
{
"roman": "njuban",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "нюбан"
},
{
"ipa": "/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ pɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ngau⁴ bong²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "ngàuh bóng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ngau⁴ bong²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "ngeo⁴ bong²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɐu̯²¹ pɔːŋ³⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "giû-pông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "giû-pông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "giu'poong"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiu²³⁻³³ pɔŋ²³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiu²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-pông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-pông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "gu'poong"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²³⁻³³ pɔŋ²³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-bō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-bō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "gu'boi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ bo³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²³⁻³³ bɤ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gō͘-bō͘"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gōo-bōo"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "goxbo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ bɔ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ bɔ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gō-bō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gō-bō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "goixboi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɤ³³⁻²¹ bɤ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡo³³⁻¹¹ bo³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "ghu⁵ pang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû phâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰaŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "ngjuw pangX"
}
],
"word": "牛蒡"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "こぼう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "牛蒡",
"id": "1,2"
},
"expansion": "牛蒡 (MC ngjuw pangX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "우엉"
},
"expansion": "Korean 우엉 (ueong)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Certainly from Middle Chinese 牛蒡 (MC ngjuw pangX), but with a shift from the expected go-on reading of *guhō (or with rendaku as *gubō); compare Korean 우엉 (ueong).\nFirst cited to the Iroha Jiruishō (1177-1181).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牛蒡",
"ruby": [
[
"牛",
"ご"
],
[
"蒡",
"ぼう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "牛蒡 ^",
"ruby": [
[
"牛蒡",
"ゴボウ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gobō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gobau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ごばう",
"roman": "gobau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ごぼう",
"2": "ゴボウ",
"hhira": "ごばう"
},
"expansion": "牛(ご)蒡(ぼう) or 牛蒡(ゴボウ) • (gobō) ^(←ごばう (gobau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1177-1181",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 39 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"burdock (Arctium lappa)"
],
"id": "en-牛蒡-ja-noun-htSaXBmh",
"links": [
[
"burdock",
"burdock"
],
[
"Arctium lappa",
"Arctium lappa#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(gobōjime, “a type of 注連縄 (shimenawa) that is bundled with straw and tied like a burdock used for celebrations such as New Years or Shinto shrines”)",
"word": "牛蒡注連"
}
],
"attestations": [
{
"date": "unknown",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 56 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 56 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 39 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 63 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 53 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 56 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 57 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "ja:Thistles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 60 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "ja:Vegetables",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abbreviation of 牛蒡注連 (gobōjime, “a type of 注連縄 (shimenawa) that is bundled with straw and tied like a burdock used for celebrations such as New Years or Shinto shrines”)"
],
"id": "en-牛蒡-ja-noun-Tjv1FgWQ",
"links": [
[
"牛蒡注連",
"牛蒡注連#Japanese"
],
[
"注連縄",
"注連縄#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "unknown",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 39 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"english": "to have sex; to rinse a cock",
"roman": "gobō o arau",
"ruby": [
[
"牛蒡",
"ごぼう"
],
[
"洗",
"あら"
]
],
"sense": "penis, cock, stalk",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"translation": "to have sex; to rinse a cock",
"word": "牛蒡を洗う"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a penis; a cock; a stalk"
],
"id": "en-牛蒡-ja-noun-ZU~lQKMJ",
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
],
[
"cock",
"cock"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ごぼー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡo̞bo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Iroha Jiruishō",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:ゴボウ"
],
"word": "牛蒡"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Thistles",
"ja:Vegetables"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "ueong",
"word": "우엉"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Korean",
"lang_code": "okm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "wuweng",
"word": "우워ᇰ"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "牛蒡",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 牛",
"Chinese terms spelled with 蒡",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Hokkien terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Hokkien terms derived from Japanese",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew nouns",
"zh:Thistles"
],
"glosses": [
"burdock"
],
"links": [
[
"burdock",
"burdock"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "niúbàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄅㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ngau⁴ bong²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "giû-pông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-pông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-bō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gō͘-bō͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gō-bō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "ghu⁵ pang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "niúbàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄅㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "nióubàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "niu²-pang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "nyóu-bàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "nioubanq"
},
{
"roman": "njuban",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "нюбан"
},
{
"ipa": "/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ pɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ngau⁴ bong²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "ngàuh bóng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ngau⁴ bong²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "ngeo⁴ bong²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɐu̯²¹ pɔːŋ³⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "giû-pông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "giû-pông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "giu'poong"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiu²³⁻³³ pɔŋ²³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiu²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-pông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-pông"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "gu'poong"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²³⁻³³ pɔŋ²³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-bō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gû-bō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "gu'boi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ bo³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²³⁻³³ bɤ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gō͘-bō͘"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gōo-bōo"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "goxbo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ bɔ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ bɔ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gō-bō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gō-bō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "goixboi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɤ³³⁻²¹ bɤ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡo³³⁻¹¹ bo³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "ghu⁵ pang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gû phâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰaŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "ngjuw pangX"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "niúzǐ",
"word": "牛子"
}
],
"word": "牛蒡"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Thistles",
"ja:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to have sex; to rinse a cock",
"roman": "gobō o arau",
"ruby": [
[
"牛蒡",
"ごぼう"
],
[
"洗",
"あら"
]
],
"sense": "penis, cock, stalk",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"translation": "to have sex; to rinse a cock",
"word": "牛蒡を洗う"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "こぼう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "牛蒡",
"id": "1,2"
},
"expansion": "牛蒡 (MC ngjuw pangX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "우엉"
},
"expansion": "Korean 우엉 (ueong)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Certainly from Middle Chinese 牛蒡 (MC ngjuw pangX), but with a shift from the expected go-on reading of *guhō (or with rendaku as *gubō); compare Korean 우엉 (ueong).\nFirst cited to the Iroha Jiruishō (1177-1181).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牛蒡",
"ruby": [
[
"牛",
"ご"
],
[
"蒡",
"ぼう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "牛蒡 ^",
"ruby": [
[
"牛蒡",
"ゴボウ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gobō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gobau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ごばう",
"roman": "gobau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ごぼう",
"2": "ゴボウ",
"hhira": "ごばう"
},
"expansion": "牛(ご)蒡(ぼう) or 牛蒡(ゴボウ) • (gobō) ^(←ごばう (gobau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1177-1181",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"burdock (Arctium lappa)"
],
"links": [
[
"burdock",
"burdock"
],
[
"Arctium lappa",
"Arctium lappa#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(gobōjime, “a type of 注連縄 (shimenawa) that is bundled with straw and tied like a burdock used for celebrations such as New Years or Shinto shrines”)",
"word": "牛蒡注連"
}
],
"attestations": [
{
"date": "unknown",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese abbreviations"
],
"glosses": [
"abbreviation of 牛蒡注連 (gobōjime, “a type of 注連縄 (shimenawa) that is bundled with straw and tied like a burdock used for celebrations such as New Years or Shinto shrines”)"
],
"links": [
[
"牛蒡注連",
"牛蒡注連#Japanese"
],
[
"注連縄",
"注連縄#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "unknown",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"a penis; a cock; a stalk"
],
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
],
[
"cock",
"cock"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ごぼー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡo̞bo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Iroha Jiruishō",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:ゴボウ"
],
"word": "牛蒡"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 牛蒡 meaning in All languages combined (9.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"牛蒡"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "牛蒡",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"牛蒡"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "牛蒡",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"牛蒡"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "牛蒡",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"牛蒡"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "牛蒡",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.