See 旲 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 旲 meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"旲 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 日大 (AK), four-corner 6043₀, composition ⿱日大)"
],
"id": "en-旲-mul-character-ZtCEYkZh",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"日",
"日#Translingual"
],
[
"大",
"大#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "旲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"daylight; sunlight"
],
"id": "en-旲-zh-character-80UXElNg",
"links": [
[
"daylight",
"daylight"
],
[
"sunlight",
"sunlight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) daylight; sunlight"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄞˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tair"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "taj"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰaɪ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tòih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔːi̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰaɪ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔːi̯²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ying³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ying³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yiing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "in"
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ²¹⁴/"
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "旲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"big, great, vast, large, high"
],
"id": "en-旲-zh-character-2W1XmMq7",
"links": [
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"vast",
"vast"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"high",
"high"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) big, great, vast, large, high"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄞˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tair"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "taj"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰaɪ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tòih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔːi̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰaɪ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔːi̯²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ying³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ying³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yiing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "in"
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ²¹⁴/"
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uncommon kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-旲-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "dae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "대",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
},
{
"form": "dae",
"tags": [
"revised"
]
},
{
"form": "tae",
"tags": [
"McCune-Reischauer"
]
},
{
"form": "tay",
"tags": [
"Yale"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "Han characters",
"sc": "Kore",
"sort": "대",
"tr": "dae"
},
"expansion": "旲 • (dae)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "대",
"mr": "tae",
"rv": "dae",
"y": "tay"
},
"expansion": "旲 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay)",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-旲-ko-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "anh",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "thái",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "đài",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"id": "en-旲-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "旲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"daylight; sunlight"
],
"links": [
[
"daylight",
"daylight"
],
[
"sunlight",
"sunlight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) daylight; sunlight"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄞˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tair"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "taj"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰaɪ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tòih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔːi̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰaɪ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔːi̯²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ying³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ying³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yiing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "in"
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ²¹⁴/"
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "旲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"big, great, vast, large, high"
],
"links": [
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"vast",
"vast"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"high",
"high"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) big, great, vast, large, high"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄞˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tair"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "taj"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰaɪ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tòih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "toi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔːi̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰaɪ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔːi̯²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ying³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ying³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yǐng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yiing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "in"
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ²¹⁴/"
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese Han characters",
"Uncommon kanji"
],
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "dae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "대",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
},
{
"form": "dae",
"tags": [
"revised"
]
},
{
"form": "tae",
"tags": [
"McCune-Reischauer"
]
},
{
"form": "tay",
"tags": [
"Yale"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "Han characters",
"sc": "Kore",
"sort": "대",
"tr": "dae"
},
"expansion": "旲 • (dae)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "대",
"mr": "tae",
"rv": "dae",
"y": "tay"
},
"expansion": "旲 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay)",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"旲 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 日大 (AK), four-corner 6043₀, composition ⿱日大)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"日",
"日#Translingual"
],
[
"大",
"大#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "anh",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "thái",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "đài",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "旲"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"旲"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "旲",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"旲"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "旲",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.