See 改土歸流 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "土"
},
"expansion": "土 (tǔ)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "土官",
"2": "chieftain"
},
"expansion": "土官 (tǔguān, “chieftain”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "流"
},
"expansion": "流 (liú)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "流官",
"2": "regular official"
},
"expansion": "流官 (liúguān, “regular official”)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "土 (tǔ) stands for 土官 (tǔguān, “chieftain”) while 流 (liú) stands for 流官 (liúguān, “regular official”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "改土归流",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "改土歸流",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "History of China",
"orig": "zh:History of China",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to replace local (usually) hereditary chieftains (tusi) with regular direct administration"
],
"id": "en-改土歸流-zh-verb-RTaQqBjb",
"links": [
[
"replace",
"replace"
],
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"hereditary",
"hereditary"
],
[
"chieftains",
"chieftains"
],
[
"tusi",
"tusi"
],
[
"administration",
"administration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) to replace local (usually) hereditary chieftains (tusi) with regular direct administration"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "tǔguān",
"word": "土官"
},
{
"roman": "liúguān",
"word": "流官"
},
{
"roman": "tǔsī",
"word": "土司"
},
{
"roman": "tǔmù",
"word": "土目"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gǎiliú",
"word": "改流"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎitǔguīliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² tou² gwai¹ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎitǔguīliú [Phonetic:gáitǔguīliú]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎitǔgueilióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kai³-tʻu³-kuei¹-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎi-tǔ-gwēi-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gaetuugueiliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гайтугуйлю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gajtugujlju"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gói tóu gwāi làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² tou² gwai¹ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² tou² guei¹ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ tʰou̯³⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: gáitǔguīliú]"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ tʰou̯³⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/"
}
],
"word": "改土歸流"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "土"
},
"expansion": "土 (tǔ)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "土官",
"2": "chieftain"
},
"expansion": "土官 (tǔguān, “chieftain”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "流"
},
"expansion": "流 (liú)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "流官",
"2": "regular official"
},
"expansion": "流官 (liúguān, “regular official”)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "土 (tǔ) stands for 土官 (tǔguān, “chieftain”) while 流 (liú) stands for 流官 (liúguān, “regular official”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "改土归流",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "改土歸流",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "tǔguān",
"word": "土官"
},
{
"roman": "liúguān",
"word": "流官"
},
{
"roman": "tǔsī",
"word": "土司"
},
{
"roman": "tǔmù",
"word": "土目"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 土",
"Chinese terms spelled with 改",
"Chinese terms spelled with 歸",
"Chinese terms spelled with 流",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Chinese verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:History of China"
],
"glosses": [
"to replace local (usually) hereditary chieftains (tusi) with regular direct administration"
],
"links": [
[
"replace",
"replace"
],
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"hereditary",
"hereditary"
],
[
"chieftains",
"chieftains"
],
[
"tusi",
"tusi"
],
[
"administration",
"administration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) to replace local (usually) hereditary chieftains (tusi) with regular direct administration"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎitǔguīliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² tou² gwai¹ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎitǔguīliú [Phonetic:gáitǔguīliú]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎitǔgueilióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kai³-tʻu³-kuei¹-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎi-tǔ-gwēi-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gaetuugueiliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гайтугуйлю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gajtugujlju"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gói tóu gwāi làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² tou² gwai¹ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² tou² guei¹ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ tʰou̯³⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: gáitǔguīliú]"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ tʰou̯³⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gǎiliú",
"word": "改流"
}
],
"word": "改土歸流"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 改土歸流 meaning in All languages combined (3.5kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"改土歸流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "改土歸流",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.