See 挑む on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "挑む",
"head_nr": 1,
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "idomu",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "挑み",
"head_nr": 1,
"roman": "idomi",
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "挑んだ",
"head_nr": 1,
"roman": "idonda",
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "挑む",
"head_nr": 2,
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "idomu",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "挑み",
"head_nr": 2,
"roman": "idomi",
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "挑んだ",
"head_nr": 2,
"roman": "idonda",
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "挑ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いどま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "idoma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "挑み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いどみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "idomi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "挑む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いどむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "idomu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "挑め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いどめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "idome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "挑まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "いどまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "idomareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "挑ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "挑ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いどませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いどます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "idomaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "idomasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "挑める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "いどめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "idomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "挑もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いどもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "idomō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "挑まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いどまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "idomanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "挑まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いどまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "idomazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "挑みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いどみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "idomimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "挑んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "いどんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "idonda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "挑んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いどんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "idonde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "挑めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "いどめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "idomeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いどむ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "挑(いど)む • (idomu) transitive godan (stem 挑(いど)み (idomi), past 挑(いど)んだ (idonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いどむ",
"tr": "both",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "挑(いど)む • (idomu) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 挑(いど)み (idomi), past 挑(いど)んだ (idonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"challenge someone, defy a person"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-挑む-ja-verb-Km5W49D3",
"links": [
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"defy",
"defy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
56,
64
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"english": "As sea temperatures rise and catches decrease, they are striving to ensure stable production. This is said to be the first land-based farming of tiger puffer fish in the prefecture.",
"ref": "2025 July 23, “トラフグ 夏も味わって”, in 中日新聞（市民版） [Chunichi Shimbun (citizen's edition)], morning edition, number 29682, page 13:",
"roman": "Kaisuion ga agari gyokakuryō ga heru naka, antei shita seisan ni idonde iru. Torafugu no rikujō yōshoku wa kennai de hajimete to iu.",
"text": "海水温が上がり漁獲量が減る中、安定した生産に挑んでいる。トラフグの陸上養殖は県内で初めてという。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"make an attempt, try, accept a challenge"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-挑む-ja-verb-2COX3h5f",
"links": [
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
],
[
"try",
"try"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いどむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ido̞mɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chōsen suru",
"ruby": [
[
"挑戦",
"ちょうせん"
]
],
"word": "挑戦"
}
],
"word": "挑む"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "挑む",
"head_nr": 1,
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "idomu",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "挑み",
"head_nr": 1,
"roman": "idomi",
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "挑んだ",
"head_nr": 1,
"roman": "idonda",
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "挑む",
"head_nr": 2,
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "idomu",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "挑み",
"head_nr": 2,
"roman": "idomi",
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "挑んだ",
"head_nr": 2,
"roman": "idonda",
"ruby": [
[
"挑",
"いど"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "挑ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いどま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "idoma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "挑み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いどみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "idomi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "挑む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いどむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "idomu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "挑め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いどめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "idome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "挑まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "いどまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "idomareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "挑ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "挑ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いどませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いどます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "idomaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "idomasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "挑める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "いどめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "idomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "挑もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いどもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "idomō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "挑まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いどまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "idomanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "挑まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いどまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "idomazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "挑みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いどみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "idomimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "挑んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "いどんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "idonda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "挑んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いどんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "idonde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "挑めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "いどめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "idomeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いどむ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "挑(いど)む • (idomu) transitive godan (stem 挑(いど)み (idomi), past 挑(いど)んだ (idonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いどむ",
"tr": "both",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "挑(いど)む • (idomu) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 挑(いど)み (idomi), past 挑(いど)んだ (idonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"challenge someone, defy a person"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"defy",
"defy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
56,
64
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"english": "As sea temperatures rise and catches decrease, they are striving to ensure stable production. This is said to be the first land-based farming of tiger puffer fish in the prefecture.",
"ref": "2025 July 23, “トラフグ 夏も味わって”, in 中日新聞（市民版） [Chunichi Shimbun (citizen's edition)], morning edition, number 29682, page 13:",
"roman": "Kaisuion ga agari gyokakuryō ga heru naka, antei shita seisan ni idonde iru. Torafugu no rikujō yōshoku wa kennai de hajimete to iu.",
"text": "海水温が上がり漁獲量が減る中、安定した生産に挑んでいる。トラフグの陸上養殖は県内で初めてという。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"make an attempt, try, accept a challenge"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
],
[
"try",
"try"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いどむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ido̞mɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "chōsen suru",
"ruby": [
[
"挑戦",
"ちょうせん"
]
],
"word": "挑戦"
}
],
"word": "挑む"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 挑む meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"挑む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "挑む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"挑む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "挑む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"挑む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "挑む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"挑む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "挑む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"挑む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "挑む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"挑む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "挑む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"挑む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "挑む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"挑む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "挑む",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.