See 学ぶ on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "真似",
"2": "まな",
"3": "-ぶ",
"4": "",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix",
"t1": "imitating, copying",
"t2": "to seem like, to act like"
},
"expansion": "真似(まな) (mana, “imitating, copying”) + ぶ (-bu, “to seem like, to act like”, verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "ja-compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ぶ"
},
"expansion": "ぶ (-bu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "上%二%段活用",
"2": "かみ% に%だん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "上(かみ)二(に)段活用(だんかつよう) (kami nidan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "五段活用",
"2": "ごだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 真似(まな) (mana, “imitating, copying”) + ぶ (-bu, “to seem like, to act like”, verb-forming suffix). Cognate with 学ぶ (manebu).\nThe initial mana might be a phonetic shift from mane, itself the continuative or stem nominal form of classical verb 真似 (manu, “to imitate, to copy”), from 真 (ma-, “true, real”) + 似 (nu, “copy, imitate”, lower bigrade conjugation; not attested in isolation).\nFirst cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.\nThe ぶ (-bu) suffix usually conjugated with the upper bigrade pattern (上(かみ)二(に)段活用(だんかつよう) (kami nidan katsuyō)), and manabu conjugated this way until the early Heian period (early 800s). Starting from the mid-Heian (roughly the 900s or 1000s), manabu shifted to conjugate using the classical yodan pattern, the precursor to the modern godan conjugation (五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godan katsuyō)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"roman": "manabi",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "学んだ",
"roman": "mananda",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-bu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "学ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "まなば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "manaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "まなび",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "manabi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "学べ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "manabe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "manabareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "学べる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "manaberu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぼう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぼう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "manabō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "学びます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "manabimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "学んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まなんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "mananda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "学んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "まなんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "manande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "学べば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "manabeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなび",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなび",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manaburu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "学びよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "学びず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "manaburedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "学びば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "manabiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "学びき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manabiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "学びけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manabikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "学びつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "manabimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "学ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなび",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "学べ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "学べ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "学べど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "manabedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "学べば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "manababa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "学びき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manabiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "学びけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manabikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "学びつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学べり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manaberi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "manabamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "まなぶ",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "学(まな)ぶ • (manabu) godan (stem 学(まな)び (manabi), past 学(まな)んだ (mananda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "まな",
"2": "2u-b"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "まな",
"2": "4-b"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kenkyū suru",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "研究する: research"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "study"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "narau",
"ruby": [
[
"習",
"なら"
]
],
"word": "習う"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -bu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 39 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A map helps us study geography",
"roman": "chizu wa watashitachi ga chirigaku o manabu tasuke ni naru",
"ruby": [
[
"地図",
"ちず"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"地理学",
"ちりがく"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
],
[
"助",
"たす"
]
],
"text": "地図は私たちが地理学を学ぶ助けになる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to study"
],
"id": "en-学ぶ-ja-verb-nUOYYRNk",
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 76 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -bu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 72 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 80 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 80 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 54 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with ぶ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 39 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 80 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 73 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 80 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We learned how to read English",
"roman": "watashitachi wa eigo no yomikata o manabimashita",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"英語",
"えいご"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"text": "私たちは英語の読み方を学びました",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"人類",
"じんるい"
],
[
"何",
"なに"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"text": "1999, 2000, Front Mission 3, Square\n人類は何も学ばない\njinrui wa nanimo manabanai\nHuman never learns"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to learn (by being taught)"
],
"id": "en-学ぶ-ja-verb-pWN6Sg1i",
"links": [
[
"learn",
"learn"
],
[
"taught",
"taught"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -bu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 39 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to learn (by imitating someone or something)"
],
"id": "en-学ぶ-ja-verb-RdpAPLCq",
"links": [
[
"learn",
"learn"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まなぶ"
},
{
"other": "まなぶ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠na̠bɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "benkyō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"べん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "勉強する: study"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gakushū suru",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "学習する: study"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "learn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Heian period",
"Kōjien",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinmura Izuru"
],
"word": "学ぶ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -bu",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with ぶ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "真似",
"2": "まな",
"3": "-ぶ",
"4": "",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix",
"t1": "imitating, copying",
"t2": "to seem like, to act like"
},
"expansion": "真似(まな) (mana, “imitating, copying”) + ぶ (-bu, “to seem like, to act like”, verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "ja-compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ぶ"
},
"expansion": "ぶ (-bu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "上%二%段活用",
"2": "かみ% に%だん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "上(かみ)二(に)段活用(だんかつよう) (kami nidan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "五段活用",
"2": "ごだん かつよう"
},
"expansion": "五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godan katsuyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 真似(まな) (mana, “imitating, copying”) + ぶ (-bu, “to seem like, to act like”, verb-forming suffix). Cognate with 学ぶ (manebu).\nThe initial mana might be a phonetic shift from mane, itself the continuative or stem nominal form of classical verb 真似 (manu, “to imitate, to copy”), from 真 (ma-, “true, real”) + 似 (nu, “copy, imitate”, lower bigrade conjugation; not attested in isolation).\nFirst cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.\nThe ぶ (-bu) suffix usually conjugated with the upper bigrade pattern (上(かみ)二(に)段活用(だんかつよう) (kami nidan katsuyō)), and manabu conjugated this way until the early Heian period (early 800s). Starting from the mid-Heian (roughly the 900s or 1000s), manabu shifted to conjugate using the classical yodan pattern, the precursor to the modern godan conjugation (五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godan katsuyō)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"roman": "manabi",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "学んだ",
"roman": "mananda",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-bu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "学ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "まなば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "manaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "まなび",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "manabi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "学べ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "manabe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "manabareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "学べる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "manaberu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぼう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぼう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "manabō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "学びます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "manabimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "学んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まなんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "mananda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "学んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "まなんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "manande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "学べば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "manabeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなび",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなび",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manaburu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "学びよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "学びず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "manaburedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "学びば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "manabiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "学びき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manabiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "学びけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manabikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "学びつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "manabimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "学ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "学び",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなび",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなぶ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "学べ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "学べ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "manabe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "学べど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "manabedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "学べば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "manabeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "manababa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "学びき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manabiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "学びけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manabikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "学びつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学べり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学びたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなべり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "まなびたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manaberi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "manabitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "学ばむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まなばむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "manabamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "まなぶ",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "学(まな)ぶ • (manabu) godan (stem 学(まな)び (manabi), past 学(まな)んだ (mananda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "まな",
"2": "2u-b"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "まな",
"2": "4-b"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kenkyū suru",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "研究する: research"
},
{
"word": "study"
},
{
"roman": "narau",
"ruby": [
[
"習",
"なら"
]
],
"word": "習う"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A map helps us study geography",
"roman": "chizu wa watashitachi ga chirigaku o manabu tasuke ni naru",
"ruby": [
[
"地図",
"ちず"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"地理学",
"ちりがく"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
],
[
"助",
"たす"
]
],
"text": "地図は私たちが地理学を学ぶ助けになる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to study"
],
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We learned how to read English",
"roman": "watashitachi wa eigo no yomikata o manabimashita",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"英語",
"えいご"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"text": "私たちは英語の読み方を学びました",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"人類",
"じんるい"
],
[
"何",
"なに"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"text": "1999, 2000, Front Mission 3, Square\n人類は何も学ばない\njinrui wa nanimo manabanai\nHuman never learns"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to learn (by being taught)"
],
"links": [
[
"learn",
"learn"
],
[
"taught",
"taught"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to learn (by imitating someone or something)"
],
"links": [
[
"learn",
"learn"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まなぶ"
},
{
"other": "まなぶ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠na̠bɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "benkyō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"べん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "勉強する: study"
},
{
"roman": "gakushū suru",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "学習する: study"
},
{
"word": "learn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Heian period",
"Kōjien",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinmura Izuru"
],
"word": "学ぶ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 学ぶ meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"学ぶ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "学ぶ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"学ぶ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "学ぶ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"学ぶ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "学ぶ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"学ぶ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "学ぶ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"学ぶ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "学ぶ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"学ぶ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "学ぶ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"学ぶ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "学ぶ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.