See 喉音 on Wiktionary
{ "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zh", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "喉音", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Phonetics", "orig": "zh:Phonetics", "parents": [ "Linguistics", "Language", "Social sciences", "Communication", "Sciences", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "glottal/laryngeal consonant" ], "id": "en-喉音-zh-noun-qA5GDAGD", "links": [ [ "phonetics", "phonetics" ], [ "glottal", "glottal" ], [ "laryngeal", "laryngeal" ], [ "consonant", "consonant" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(phonetics) glottal/laryngeal consonant" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonetics", "phonology", "sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "zh", "name": "Chinese phonetics", "orig": "zh:Chinese phonetics", "parents": [ "Chinese", "Phonetics", "Languages", "Linguistics", "Language", "Names", "Social sciences", "Communication", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Sciences", "Society", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "12 88", "kind": "other", "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 45 45 2 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 46 47 2 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following 字母 (zìmǔ): 影 (/ʔ/), 曉/晓 (/h/ or /x/), 匣 (/ɦ/) and 喻 (/j/)" ], "id": "en-喉音-zh-noun-iho0BfdJ", "links": [ [ "Chinese", "Chinese" ], [ "phonetics", "phonetics" ], [ "guttural", "guttural" ], [ "onset", "onset" ], [ "consonant", "consonant" ], [ "Middle Chinese", "Middle Chinese" ], [ "字母", "字母#Chinese" ], [ "影", "影#Chinese" ], [ "曉", "曉#Chinese" ], [ "晓", "晓#Chinese" ], [ "匣", "匣#Chinese" ], [ "喻", "喻#Chinese" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(Chinese phonetics) a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following 字母 (zìmǔ): 影 (/ʔ/), 曉/晓 (/h/ or /x/), 匣 (/ɦ/) and 喻 (/j/)" ], "tags": [ "Chinese" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonetics", "phonology", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "hóuyīn" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "bopomofo" ], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ ㄧㄣ" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Jyutping" ], "zh-pron": "hau⁴ jam¹" }, { "tags": [ "Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin" ], "zh-pron": "hóuyīn" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "hóuyin" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Wade-Giles" ], "zh-pron": "hou²-yin¹" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Yale" ], "zh-pron": "hóu-yīn" }, { "tags": [ "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin" ], "zh-pron": "hourin" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Palladius" ], "zh-pron": "хоуинь" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Palladius" ], "zh-pron": "xouinʹ" }, { "ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/", "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA" ] }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Yale" ], "zh-pron": "hàuh yām" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "hau⁴ jam¹" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization" ], "zh-pron": "heo⁴ yem¹" }, { "ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/", "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA" ] }, { "ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/" }, { "ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "聲門音/声门音" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "聲門音" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "声门音" } ], "word": "喉音" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "lzh", "3": "喉音", "lit": "throaty sound", "sort": "こうおん" }, "expansion": "Literary Chinese 喉音 (hóuyīn, literally “throaty sound”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Literary Chinese 喉音 (hóuyīn, literally “throaty sound”)", "forms": [ { "form": "喉音", "ruby": [ [ "喉", "こう" ], [ "音", "おん" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "kōon", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "こうおん" }, "expansion": "喉(こう)音(おん) • (kōon)", "name": "ja-noun" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "ja", "name": "Phonology", "orig": "ja:Phonology", "parents": [ "Linguistics", "Language", "Social sciences", "Communication", "Sciences", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos", "orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "3 45 45 2 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 46 47 2 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "74 8 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "67 11 21", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "parents": [ "Links with redundant wikilinks", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "69 9 21", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "67 11 22", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "68 12 21", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following (母 (literally “mother”) means \"base sound\"; the character before it is the one that bears the onset consonant): 影母 (/ʔ/), 曉母 (/x/), 匣母 (/ɦ/) and 喻母 (/j/)" ], "id": "en-喉音-ja-noun-bbBP-V1j", "links": [ [ "phonology", "phonology" ], [ "guttural", "guttural" ], [ "onset", "onset" ], [ "consonant", "consonant" ], [ "Middle Chinese", "Middle Chinese" ], [ "母", "母#Japanese" ], [ "影母", "影母#Middle_Chinese" ], [ "曉母", "曉母#Middle_Chinese" ], [ "匣母", "匣母#Middle_Chinese" ], [ "喻母", "喻母#Middle_Chinese" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(traditional Chinese phonology) a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following (母 (literally “mother”) means \"base sound\"; the character before it is the one that bears the onset consonant): 影母 (/ʔ/), 曉母 (/x/), 匣母 (/ɦ/) and 喻母 (/j/)" ], "tags": [ "Chinese", "traditional" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonology", "sciences" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "Dividing the fifty sounds into two groups, there are mother sounds and child sounds. Mother sounds are simple guttural sounds, and there are five of them, namely a, i, u, e and o.", "ref": "1897 March, “〇母音 [〇Mother Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會:", "roman": "Gojūon o wakachite, BOON to, SHION to no ni to nasu. Boon wa, tanjun naru kōon ni shite, sono kazu go ari, a i u e o kore nari.", "text": "五十音を分ちて、母音と、子音との二となす。母音は、單純なる喉音にして、その數五あり、アイウエオ是なり。", "type": "quote" }, { "english": "Vowels are the only guttural sounds among the sounds of our language. What are known as vowels are sounds that undergo systematic vibrations at the vocal folds, resonate in the vocal tract, and wind up being heard by our ears. A vowel resonates in the oral cavity in order to achieve its diverse tonal quality, but there must be no such thing as friction that can be heard or felt by us at certain places of articulation. Otherwise, it will not be a vowel, but a consonant. This distinction is of utmost importance. Later when we discuss the ya-row and wa-row, which sound very similar to vowels, this point must be noticed in order to explain the fact that they still contain consonants.", "ref": "1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十二章 母 音 [Chapter 12: Vowels]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, pages 53–54:", "roman": "Boon wa, waga kuni goon de wa, yuiitsu naru kōon de aru. Seimontai de kiritsu aru sendō o uke taru on ga, fukukanbu ni kyōmei serarete, gojin no mimi ni kikoyuru mono o boon to iu. Boon wa, shuju no onshoku o eru tame ni, kōkōnai ni kyōmei sareru ga, kesshite aru kyokubu ni oite, warera no kikierare, kanjierareru yō no masatsu o shōzuru ga gotoki koto wa nai. Moshi, atta nara ba, sore wa boon de wa nakute fuon de aru. Kono kubetsuhō fa, kiwamete jūdai oru yōken de aru. Ato no yagyō wagyō ga, sukoburu boon ni chikai on de aru kere do mo, fuon taru koto o manukarenai no wa kore ga tame de aru.", "text": "母音は、吾國語音では、唯一なる喉音である。聲門帶で規律ある顫動を受けたる音が、副管部に共鳴せられて、吾人の耳に聞ゆるものを母音と云ふ。母音は、種々の音色を得るために、口腔內に共鳴されるが、決して或る局部に於て、吾等の聽き得られ、感じ得られる樣の摩擦を生ずるが如きことは無い。若し、有つたならば、其は母音では無くて父音である。此の區別法は、極めて重大おる要件である。後のヤ行ワ行が、頗る母音に近い音であるけれども、父音たることを免れないのは是が爲である。", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "a guttural sound" ], "id": "en-喉音-ja-noun-ybiuGubK", "raw_glosses": [ "(loosely) a guttural sound" ], "tags": [ "broadly" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "ja", "name": "Phonetics", "orig": "ja:Phonetics", "parents": [ "Linguistics", "Language", "Social sciences", "Communication", "Sciences", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Synonym of 声門音 (seimon'on, “glottal sound”)" ], "id": "en-喉音-ja-noun-xgpNzkaM", "links": [ [ "phonetics", "phonetics" ], [ "声門音", "声門音#Japanese" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(phonetics) Synonym of 声門音 (seimon'on, “glottal sound”)" ], "synonyms": [ { "extra": "seimon'on, “glottal sound”", "tags": [ "synonym", "synonym-of" ], "word": "声門音" } ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonetics", "phonology", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "other": "こーおん" }, { "ipa": "[ko̞ːõ̞ɴ]" } ], "wikipedia": [ "ja:喉音" ], "word": "喉音" }
{ "categories": [ "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 喉", "Chinese terms spelled with 音", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zh", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "喉音", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "zh:Phonetics" ], "glosses": [ "glottal/laryngeal consonant" ], "links": [ [ "phonetics", "phonetics" ], [ "glottal", "glottal" ], [ "laryngeal", "laryngeal" ], [ "consonant", "consonant" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(phonetics) glottal/laryngeal consonant" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonetics", "phonology", "sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ "zh:Chinese phonetics" ], "glosses": [ "a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following 字母 (zìmǔ): 影 (/ʔ/), 曉/晓 (/h/ or /x/), 匣 (/ɦ/) and 喻 (/j/)" ], "links": [ [ "Chinese", "Chinese" ], [ "phonetics", "phonetics" ], [ "guttural", "guttural" ], [ "onset", "onset" ], [ "consonant", "consonant" ], [ "Middle Chinese", "Middle Chinese" ], [ "字母", "字母#Chinese" ], [ "影", "影#Chinese" ], [ "曉", "曉#Chinese" ], [ "晓", "晓#Chinese" ], [ "匣", "匣#Chinese" ], [ "喻", "喻#Chinese" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(Chinese phonetics) a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following 字母 (zìmǔ): 影 (/ʔ/), 曉/晓 (/h/ or /x/), 匣 (/ɦ/) and 喻 (/j/)" ], "tags": [ "Chinese" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonetics", "phonology", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "hóuyīn" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "bopomofo" ], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ ㄧㄣ" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Jyutping" ], "zh-pron": "hau⁴ jam¹" }, { "tags": [ "Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin" ], "zh-pron": "hóuyīn" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "hóuyin" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Wade-Giles" ], "zh-pron": "hou²-yin¹" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Yale" ], "zh-pron": "hóu-yīn" }, { "tags": [ "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin" ], "zh-pron": "hourin" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Palladius" ], "zh-pron": "хоуинь" }, { "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Palladius" ], "zh-pron": "xouinʹ" }, { "ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/", "tags": [ "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA" ] }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Yale" ], "zh-pron": "hàuh yām" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Pinyin" ], "zh-pron": "hau⁴ jam¹" }, { "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization" ], "zh-pron": "heo⁴ yem¹" }, { "ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/", "tags": [ "Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA" ] }, { "ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/" }, { "ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "聲門音/声门音" }, { "word": "聲門音" }, { "word": "声门音" } ], "word": "喉音" } { "categories": [ "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "Japanese lemmas", "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "Japanese nouns", "Japanese terms derived from Literary Chinese", "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji", "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji", "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "lzh", "3": "喉音", "lit": "throaty sound", "sort": "こうおん" }, "expansion": "Literary Chinese 喉音 (hóuyīn, literally “throaty sound”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Literary Chinese 喉音 (hóuyīn, literally “throaty sound”)", "forms": [ { "form": "喉音", "ruby": [ [ "喉", "こう" ], [ "音", "おん" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "kōon", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "こうおん" }, "expansion": "喉(こう)音(おん) • (kōon)", "name": "ja-noun" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "ja:Phonology", "links likely containing transcriptions in pos" ], "glosses": [ "a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following (母 (literally “mother”) means \"base sound\"; the character before it is the one that bears the onset consonant): 影母 (/ʔ/), 曉母 (/x/), 匣母 (/ɦ/) and 喻母 (/j/)" ], "links": [ [ "phonology", "phonology" ], [ "guttural", "guttural" ], [ "onset", "onset" ], [ "consonant", "consonant" ], [ "Middle Chinese", "Middle Chinese" ], [ "母", "母#Japanese" ], [ "影母", "影母#Middle_Chinese" ], [ "曉母", "曉母#Middle_Chinese" ], [ "匣母", "匣母#Middle_Chinese" ], [ "喻母", "喻母#Middle_Chinese" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(traditional Chinese phonology) a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following (母 (literally “mother”) means \"base sound\"; the character before it is the one that bears the onset consonant): 影母 (/ʔ/), 曉母 (/x/), 匣母 (/ɦ/) and 喻母 (/j/)" ], "tags": [ "Chinese", "traditional" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonology", "sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "Dividing the fifty sounds into two groups, there are mother sounds and child sounds. Mother sounds are simple guttural sounds, and there are five of them, namely a, i, u, e and o.", "ref": "1897 March, “〇母音 [〇Mother Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會:", "roman": "Gojūon o wakachite, BOON to, SHION to no ni to nasu. Boon wa, tanjun naru kōon ni shite, sono kazu go ari, a i u e o kore nari.", "text": "五十音を分ちて、母音と、子音との二となす。母音は、單純なる喉音にして、その數五あり、アイウエオ是なり。", "type": "quote" }, { "english": "Vowels are the only guttural sounds among the sounds of our language. What are known as vowels are sounds that undergo systematic vibrations at the vocal folds, resonate in the vocal tract, and wind up being heard by our ears. A vowel resonates in the oral cavity in order to achieve its diverse tonal quality, but there must be no such thing as friction that can be heard or felt by us at certain places of articulation. Otherwise, it will not be a vowel, but a consonant. This distinction is of utmost importance. Later when we discuss the ya-row and wa-row, which sound very similar to vowels, this point must be noticed in order to explain the fact that they still contain consonants.", "ref": "1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十二章 母 音 [Chapter 12: Vowels]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, pages 53–54:", "roman": "Boon wa, waga kuni goon de wa, yuiitsu naru kōon de aru. Seimontai de kiritsu aru sendō o uke taru on ga, fukukanbu ni kyōmei serarete, gojin no mimi ni kikoyuru mono o boon to iu. Boon wa, shuju no onshoku o eru tame ni, kōkōnai ni kyōmei sareru ga, kesshite aru kyokubu ni oite, warera no kikierare, kanjierareru yō no masatsu o shōzuru ga gotoki koto wa nai. Moshi, atta nara ba, sore wa boon de wa nakute fuon de aru. Kono kubetsuhō fa, kiwamete jūdai oru yōken de aru. Ato no yagyō wagyō ga, sukoburu boon ni chikai on de aru kere do mo, fuon taru koto o manukarenai no wa kore ga tame de aru.", "text": "母音は、吾國語音では、唯一なる喉音である。聲門帶で規律ある顫動を受けたる音が、副管部に共鳴せられて、吾人の耳に聞ゆるものを母音と云ふ。母音は、種々の音色を得るために、口腔內に共鳴されるが、決して或る局部に於て、吾等の聽き得られ、感じ得られる樣の摩擦を生ずるが如きことは無い。若し、有つたならば、其は母音では無くて父音である。此の區別法は、極めて重大おる要件である。後のヤ行ワ行が、頗る母音に近い音であるけれども、父音たることを免れないのは是が爲である。", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "a guttural sound" ], "raw_glosses": [ "(loosely) a guttural sound" ], "tags": [ "broadly" ] }, { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "ja:Phonetics" ], "glosses": [ "Synonym of 声門音 (seimon'on, “glottal sound”)" ], "links": [ [ "phonetics", "phonetics" ], [ "声門音", "声門音#Japanese" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(phonetics) Synonym of 声門音 (seimon'on, “glottal sound”)" ], "synonyms": [ { "extra": "seimon'on, “glottal sound”", "tags": [ "synonym", "synonym-of" ], "word": "声門音" } ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "phonetics", "phonology", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "other": "こーおん" }, { "ipa": "[ko̞ːõ̞ɴ]" } ], "wikipedia": [ "ja:喉音" ], "word": "喉音" }
Download raw JSONL data for 喉音 meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)
{ "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324", "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'", "path": [ "喉音" ], "section": "Chinese", "subsection": "", "title": "喉音", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324", "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'", "path": [ "喉音" ], "section": "Chinese", "subsection": "", "title": "喉音", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "喉音" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "noun", "title": "喉音", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.