"吉爾吉斯" meaning in All languages combined

See 吉爾吉斯 on Wiktionary

Proper name [Chinese]

IPA: /t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/, /kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/, /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/, /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/, /kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: Jí'ěrjísī [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gat¹ ji⁵ gat¹ si¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Kiat-ní-kiat-su, Kiat-ní-kiat-sir, Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su, Jí'ěrjísī [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Jí-ěrjísih [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Chi²-êrh³-chi²-ssŭ¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Jí-ěr-jí-sz̄ [Mandarin, Yale], Jyieeljyisy [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Цзиэрцзисы [Mandarin, Palladius], Czierczisy [Mandarin, Palladius], gāt yíh gāt sī [Cantonese, Yale], gat⁷ ji⁵ gat⁷ si¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ged¹ yi⁵ ged¹ xi¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], Kiat-ní-kiat-su [Hokkien, POJ], Kiat-ní-kiat-su [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kiatny'kiatsw [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], Kiat-ní-kiat-sir [Hokkien, POJ], Kiat-ní-kiat-sir [Hokkien, Tai-lo], Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su [Hokkien, POJ], Kit-jínn-kit-su [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kitjvy'kitsw [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 吉尔吉斯, 奇爾吉斯
Etymology: Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”). The term was originally referring to the Yenisei Kirghiz people during the Qing period, whereas 布魯特 /布鲁特 (Bùlǔtè) was used to call the Tian Shan Kirghiz. Etymology templates: {{bor|zh|mnc|ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ|t=Yenisei Kirghiz}} Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”) Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 吉爾吉斯
  1. (Taiwan) Kyrgyzstan Tags: Taiwan Synonyms: 吉爾吉斯斯坦 (Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn) [Mainland-China], 吉尔吉斯斯坦 (Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn) [Mainland-China] Derived forms: 吉爾吉斯人 (jí'ěrjísīrén), 吉尔吉斯人 (jí'ěrjísīrén), 吉爾吉斯共和國, 吉尔吉斯共和国, 吉爾吉斯斯坦 (Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn), 吉尔吉斯斯坦 (Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn)
    Sense id: en-吉爾吉斯-zh-name-bxib8He2 Categories (other): Taiwanese Chinese

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/, /kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/, /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/, /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/, /kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: Jí'ěrjísī [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gat¹ ji⁵ gat¹ si¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Kiat-ní-kiat-su, Kiat-ní-kiat-sir, Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su, Jí'ěrjísī [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Jí-ěrjísih [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Chi²-êrh³-chi²-ssŭ¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Jí-ěr-jí-sz̄ [Mandarin, Yale], Jyieeljyisy [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Цзиэрцзисы [Mandarin, Palladius], Czierczisy [Mandarin, Palladius], gāt yíh gāt sī [Cantonese, Yale], gat⁷ ji⁵ gat⁷ si¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ged¹ yi⁵ ged¹ xi¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], Kiat-ní-kiat-su [Hokkien, POJ], Kiat-ní-kiat-su [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kiatny'kiatsw [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], Kiat-ní-kiat-sir [Hokkien, POJ], Kiat-ní-kiat-sir [Hokkien, Tai-lo], Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su [Hokkien, POJ], Kit-jínn-kit-su [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kitjvy'kitsw [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 吉尔吉斯, 奇爾吉斯
Etymology: Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”). The term was originally referring to the Yenisei Kirghiz people during the Qing period, whereas 布魯特 /布鲁特 (Bùlǔtè) was used to call the Tian Shan Kirghiz. Etymology templates: {{bor|zh|mnc|ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ|t=Yenisei Kirghiz}} Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”) Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 吉爾吉斯
  1. (~人) Kyrgyz (people or person) Categories (place): Countries in Asia, Mongolian tribes
    Sense id: en-吉爾吉斯-zh-noun-1C5IUbuN Disambiguation of Countries in Asia: 3 81 16 Disambiguation of Mongolian tribes: 4 86 10 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese terms with redundant transliterations, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 7 78 15 Disambiguation of Chinese terms with redundant transliterations: 3 90 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 8 56 36 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 75 20
  2. (historical) Yenisei Kirghiz Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-吉爾吉斯-zh-noun-U~pJdFKb
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 柯爾克孜/柯尔克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī), 柯爾克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī), 柯尔克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī), 吉利吉思 (Jílìjísī) [historical], 黠戛斯, 堅昆, 坚昆, 基爾吉茲 (Jī'ěrjízī) [obsolete], 基尔吉兹 (Jī'ěrjízī) [obsolete] Related terms: 柯爾克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī) (english: Kyrgyz people in China), 柯尔克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī) (english: Kyrgyz people in China)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mnc",
        "3": "ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ",
        "t": "Yenisei Kirghiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”). The term was originally referring to the Yenisei Kirghiz people during the Qing period, whereas 布魯特 /布鲁特 (Bùlǔtè) was used to call the Tian Shan Kirghiz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "吉尔吉斯",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "奇爾吉斯"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "吉爾吉斯",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "Kyrgyz people in China",
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯爾克孜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "Kyrgyz people in China",
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯尔克孜"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 78 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 90 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 56 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 75 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 81 16",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Countries in Asia",
          "orig": "zh:Countries in Asia",
          "parents": [
            "Countries",
            "Places",
            "Asia",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 86 10",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Mongolian tribes",
          "orig": "zh:Mongolian tribes",
          "parents": [
            "Ethnonyms",
            "Mongolia",
            "Ethnicity",
            "Names",
            "People",
            "Asia",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Human",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Nature",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kyrgyz (people or person)"
      ],
      "id": "en-吉爾吉斯-zh-noun-1C5IUbuN",
      "links": [
        [
          "~人",
          "吉爾吉斯人#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Kyrgyz",
          "Kyrgyz"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~人) Kyrgyz (people or person)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Yenisei Kirghiz"
      ],
      "id": "en-吉爾吉斯-zh-noun-U~pJdFKb",
      "links": [
        [
          "Yenisei",
          "Yenisei"
        ],
        [
          "Kirghiz",
          "Kirghiz"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Yenisei Kirghiz"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí'ěrjísī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gat¹ ji⁵ gat¹ si¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí'ěrjísī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí-ěrjísih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chi²-êrh³-chi²-ssŭ¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí-ěr-jí-sz̄"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jyieeljyisy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Цзиэрцзисы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Czierczisy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāt yíh gāt sī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gat⁷ ji⁵ gat⁷ si¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ged¹ yi⁵ ged¹ xi¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiatny'kiatsw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jínn-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kitjvy'kitsw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ Kiat-ní-kiat-sir /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯爾克孜/柯尔克孜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯爾克孜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯尔克孜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Jílìjísī",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "吉利吉思"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "黠戛斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "堅昆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "坚昆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Jī'ěrjízī",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "基爾吉茲"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Jī'ěrjízī",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "基尔吉兹"
    }
  ],
  "word": "吉爾吉斯"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mnc",
        "3": "ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ",
        "t": "Yenisei Kirghiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”). The term was originally referring to the Yenisei Kirghiz people during the Qing period, whereas 布魯特 /布鲁特 (Bùlǔtè) was used to call the Tian Shan Kirghiz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "吉尔吉斯",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "奇爾吉斯"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "吉爾吉斯",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Taiwanese Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "jí'ěrjísīrén",
          "word": "吉爾吉斯人"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jí'ěrjísīrén",
          "word": "吉尔吉斯人"
        },
        {
          "word": "吉爾吉斯共和國"
        },
        {
          "word": "吉尔吉斯共和国"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn",
          "word": "吉爾吉斯斯坦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn",
          "word": "吉尔吉斯斯坦"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kyrgyzstan"
      ],
      "id": "en-吉爾吉斯-zh-name-bxib8He2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Kyrgyzstan",
          "Kyrgyzstan"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwan) Kyrgyzstan"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn",
          "tags": [
            "Mainland-China"
          ],
          "word": "吉爾吉斯斯坦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn",
          "tags": [
            "Mainland-China"
          ],
          "word": "吉尔吉斯斯坦"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí'ěrjísī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gat¹ ji⁵ gat¹ si¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí'ěrjísī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí-ěrjísih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chi²-êrh³-chi²-ssŭ¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí-ěr-jí-sz̄"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jyieeljyisy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Цзиэрцзисы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Czierczisy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāt yíh gāt sī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gat⁷ ji⁵ gat⁷ si¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ged¹ yi⁵ ged¹ xi¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiatny'kiatsw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jínn-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kitjvy'kitsw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ Kiat-ní-kiat-sir /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "吉爾吉斯"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from Manchu",
    "Chinese terms derived from Manchu",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 吉",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 斯",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 爾",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Countries in Asia",
    "zh:Mongolian tribes"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mnc",
        "3": "ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ",
        "t": "Yenisei Kirghiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”). The term was originally referring to the Yenisei Kirghiz people during the Qing period, whereas 布魯特 /布鲁特 (Bùlǔtè) was used to call the Tian Shan Kirghiz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "吉尔吉斯",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "奇爾吉斯"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "吉爾吉斯",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "Kyrgyz people in China",
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯爾克孜"
    },
    {
      "english": "Kyrgyz people in China",
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯尔克孜"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Kyrgyz (people or person)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "~人",
          "吉爾吉斯人#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Kyrgyz",
          "Kyrgyz"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~人) Kyrgyz (people or person)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Yenisei Kirghiz"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Yenisei",
          "Yenisei"
        ],
        [
          "Kirghiz",
          "Kirghiz"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Yenisei Kirghiz"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí'ěrjísī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gat¹ ji⁵ gat¹ si¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí'ěrjísī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí-ěrjísih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chi²-êrh³-chi²-ssŭ¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí-ěr-jí-sz̄"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jyieeljyisy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Цзиэрцзисы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Czierczisy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāt yíh gāt sī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gat⁷ ji⁵ gat⁷ si¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ged¹ yi⁵ ged¹ xi¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiatny'kiatsw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jínn-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kitjvy'kitsw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ Kiat-ní-kiat-sir /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯爾克孜/柯尔克孜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯爾克孜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kē'ěrkèzī",
      "word": "柯尔克孜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jílìjísī",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "吉利吉思"
    },
    {
      "word": "黠戛斯"
    },
    {
      "word": "堅昆"
    },
    {
      "word": "坚昆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jī'ěrjízī",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "基爾吉茲"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jī'ěrjízī",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "基尔吉兹"
    }
  ],
  "word": "吉爾吉斯"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from Manchu",
    "Chinese terms derived from Manchu",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 吉",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 斯",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 爾",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Countries in Asia",
    "zh:Mongolian tribes"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "jí'ěrjísīrén",
      "word": "吉爾吉斯人"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jí'ěrjísīrén",
      "word": "吉尔吉斯人"
    },
    {
      "word": "吉爾吉斯共和國"
    },
    {
      "word": "吉尔吉斯共和国"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn",
      "word": "吉爾吉斯斯坦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn",
      "word": "吉尔吉斯斯坦"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mnc",
        "3": "ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ",
        "t": "Yenisei Kirghiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”). The term was originally referring to the Yenisei Kirghiz people during the Qing period, whereas 布魯特 /布鲁特 (Bùlǔtè) was used to call the Tian Shan Kirghiz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "吉尔吉斯",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "奇爾吉斯"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "吉爾吉斯",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Taiwanese Chinese"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kyrgyzstan"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Kyrgyzstan",
          "Kyrgyzstan"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwan) Kyrgyzstan"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí'ěrjísī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gat¹ ji⁵ gat¹ si¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí'ěrjísī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí-ěrjísih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Chi²-êrh³-chi²-ssŭ¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jí-ěr-jí-sz̄"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jyieeljyisy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Цзиэрцзисы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Czierczisy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāt yíh gāt sī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gat⁷ ji⁵ gat⁷ si¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ged¹ yi⁵ ged¹ xi¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiatny'kiatsw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kiat-ní-kiat-sir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jíⁿ-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Kit-jínn-kit-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kitjvy'kitsw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ Kiat-ní-kiat-sir /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn",
      "tags": [
        "Mainland-China"
      ],
      "word": "吉爾吉斯斯坦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn",
      "tags": [
        "Mainland-China"
      ],
      "word": "吉尔吉斯斯坦"
    }
  ],
  "word": "吉爾吉斯"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 吉爾吉斯 meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "吉爾吉斯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "吉爾吉斯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "吉爾吉斯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "吉爾吉斯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "吉爾吉斯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "吉爾吉斯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "吉爾吉斯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "吉爾吉斯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~人",
  "path": [
    "吉爾吉斯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "吉爾吉斯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~人",
  "path": [
    "吉爾吉斯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "吉爾吉斯",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.