See 古い on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "new",
"roman": "atarashii",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"あたら"
]
],
"word": "新しい"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨puruki₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨puruki₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/purukʲi/"
},
"expansion": "/purukʲi/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/furui/"
},
"expansion": "/furui/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.\nIn turn, derived from verb 旧る (furu, “to age, to become older”, said of both things and people) + し (shi, Old and Classical Japanese adjective-forming suffix), with the verb itself also attested in the Man'yōshū.\nThe modern form furui emerged as a regular shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).\n⟨puruki₁⟩ → */purukʲi/ → /furui/",
"forms": [
{
"form": "古い",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"roman": "furuku",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "古かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "古い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "古い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "古かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "古くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "furui desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "古くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "古ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "古かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "古さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "furusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古から",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "furukara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "古し",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "furusi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "古き",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "古かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "古からず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "古ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "古くば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "古かりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古かりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふるい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "古(ふる)い • (furui) -i (adverbial 古(ふる)く (furuku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "ふる",
"lemma": "古",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ふる",
"2": "adj-ku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"roman": "furui kawabukuro ni atarashii sake o moru",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"革袋",
"かわぶくろ"
],
[
"新",
"あたら"
],
[
"酒",
"さけ"
],
[
"盛",
"も"
]
],
"word": "古い革袋に新しい酒を盛る"
},
{
"english": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"roman": "atarashii sake wa furui kawabukuro ni ireru",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"あたら"
],
[
"酒",
"さけ"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"革袋",
"かわぶくろ"
],
[
"入",
"い"
]
],
"word": "新しい酒は古い革袋に入れる"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.",
"roman": "Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"以前",
"いぜん"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"持",
"も"
]
],
"text": "私は以前古いロールスロイスを持っていた。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I bought an old lamp.",
"roman": "Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"買",
"か"
]
],
"text": "私は古いランプを買った。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old, aged, antiquated"
],
"id": "en-古い-ja-adj-pjgvztGF",
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"aged",
"aged"
],
[
"antiquated",
"antiquated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(not of a person) old, aged, antiquated"
],
"raw_tags": [
"not of a person"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ふるい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟i]"
}
],
"word": "古い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "new",
"roman": "atarashii",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"あたら"
]
],
"word": "新しい"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"roman": "furui kawabukuro ni atarashii sake o moru",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"革袋",
"かわぶくろ"
],
[
"新",
"あたら"
],
[
"酒",
"さけ"
],
[
"盛",
"も"
]
],
"word": "古い革袋に新しい酒を盛る"
},
{
"english": "to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles",
"roman": "atarashii sake wa furui kawabukuro ni ireru",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"あたら"
],
[
"酒",
"さけ"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"革袋",
"かわぶくろ"
],
[
"入",
"い"
]
],
"word": "新しい酒は古い革袋に入れる"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨puruki₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨puruki₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/purukʲi/"
},
"expansion": "/purukʲi/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/furui/"
},
"expansion": "/furui/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.\nIn turn, derived from verb 旧る (furu, “to age, to become older”, said of both things and people) + し (shi, Old and Classical Japanese adjective-forming suffix), with the verb itself also attested in the Man'yōshū.\nThe modern form furui emerged as a regular shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).\n⟨puruki₁⟩ → */purukʲi/ → /furui/",
"forms": [
{
"form": "古い",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"roman": "furuku",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"ふる"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "古かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "古い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "古い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "古かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "古くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "furui desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "古くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "古ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "古かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "古さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "furusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古から",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "furukara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "古し",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "furusi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "古き",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "古かる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furuki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "古かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "furukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "古からず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "古けれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "furukeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "古ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "furukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "古くば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "furukuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "古かりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古かりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "furukarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "古く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ふるく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "furuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ふるい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "古(ふる)い • (furui) -i (adverbial 古(ふる)く (furuku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "ふる",
"lemma": "古",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ふる",
"2": "adj-ku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.",
"roman": "Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"以前",
"いぜん"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"持",
"も"
]
],
"text": "私は以前古いロールスロイスを持っていた。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I bought an old lamp.",
"roman": "Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"古",
"ふる"
],
[
"買",
"か"
]
],
"text": "私は古いランプを買った。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old, aged, antiquated"
],
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"aged",
"aged"
],
[
"antiquated",
"antiquated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(not of a person) old, aged, antiquated"
],
"raw_tags": [
"not of a person"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ふるい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟i]"
}
],
"word": "古い"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 古い meaning in All languages combined (12.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Without auxiliary verb. ^([2])With auxiliary verb., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"古い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "古い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.