ㅂ in All languages combined

IPA: /p/, [p] (note: word-initially), [b] (note: between vowels, after nasals and liquids), [p͈] (note: after stops), [p̚] (note: before stops, or word-finally), [m] (note: before nasals and liquids), [pʰ] (note: next to /h/) Forms: b [romanization] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: The Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, the treatise introducing the principles behind the Korean alphabet written by its inventor King Sejong in 1446, explains that this glyph was derived by adding a stroke to ㅁ (m, “m”), which itself is a visual representation of a mouth, to represent the fact that both /m/ and /p/ are labial sounds. In Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, ㅂ is followed by ㅍ and ㅁ. Gari Ledyard proposes that Sejong derived ㅂ from the 'Phags-pa letter ꡎ (p) turned rightwards, and that ㅁ was in fact created by removing the upper part of ㅂ. Ledyard gives evidence that Sejong was inspired by 'Phags-pa for the basic glyph forms, although he changed the shapes of the letters drastically in order to enhance the simplicity and rationality of his script, and the ultimate shape of the letters may indeed have been influenced by that of the speech organs (Ledyard 1997). Etymology templates: {{ko-l|ㅁ|m}} ㅁ (m, “m”), {{IPAfont|/m/}} /m/, {{IPAfont|/p/}} /p/, {{lang|ko|ㅂ}} ㅂ, {{lang|ko|ㅍ}} ㅍ, {{lang|ko|ㅁ}} ㅁ, {{lang|ko|ㅂ}} ㅂ, {{l|mul|ꡎ|sc=Phag|tr=p}} ꡎ (p), {{lang|ko|ㅁ}} ㅁ, {{lang|ko|ㅂ}} ㅂ, {{ko-ref|Ledyard 1997}} Ledyard 1997 Head templates: {{ko-pos|letter}} ㅂ • (b)

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "b",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jje",
        "2": "letter",
        "tr": "b"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ (b)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Jeju",
  "lang_code": "jje",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Jeju entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Jeju terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The Jeju consonant, ㅂ."
      ],
      "id": "en-ㅂ-jje-character-Om8zK1Y7",
      "links": [
        [
          "Jeju",
          "Jeju"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/p/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ㅂ"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ㅁ",
        "2": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅁ (m, “m”)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/m/"
      },
      "expansion": "/m/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/p/"
      },
      "expansion": "/p/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅂ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅍ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅍ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅁ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅁ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅂ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "ꡎ",
        "sc": "Phag",
        "tr": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "ꡎ (p)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅁ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅁ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅂ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Ledyard 1997"
      },
      "expansion": "Ledyard 1997",
      "name": "ko-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, the treatise introducing the principles behind the Korean alphabet written by its inventor King Sejong in 1446, explains that this glyph was derived by adding a stroke to ㅁ (m, “m”), which itself is a visual representation of a mouth, to represent the fact that both /m/ and /p/ are labial sounds. In Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, ㅂ is followed by ㅍ and ㅁ.\nGari Ledyard proposes that Sejong derived ㅂ from the 'Phags-pa letter ꡎ (p) turned rightwards, and that ㅁ was in fact created by removing the upper part of ㅂ. Ledyard gives evidence that Sejong was inspired by 'Phags-pa for the basic glyph forms, although he changed the shapes of the letters drastically in order to enhance the simplicity and rationality of his script, and the ultimate shape of the letters may indeed have been influenced by that of the speech organs (Ledyard 1997).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "b",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "letter"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ • (b)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "p",
          "word": "ㅍ"
        },
        {
          "english": "in Ledyard's account",
          "roman": "m",
          "word": "ㅁ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "비읍 (bieup, “bieup”), a jamo (letter) of Hangul, the Korean alphabet; the unaspirated bilabial plosive (/p/)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ㅂ-ko-character-uFk0q-Yt",
      "links": [
        [
          "비읍",
          "비읍"
        ],
        [
          "jamo",
          "jamo"
        ],
        [
          "Hangul",
          "Hangul"
        ],
        [
          "unaspirated",
          "unaspirated"
        ],
        [
          "bilabial",
          "bilabial"
        ],
        [
          "plosive",
          "plosive"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "d",
          "roman": "d",
          "word": "ㄷ"
        },
        {
          "english": "g",
          "roman": "g",
          "word": "ㄱ"
        },
        {
          "english": "m",
          "roman": "m",
          "word": "ㅁ"
        },
        {
          "english": "p",
          "roman": "p",
          "word": "ㅍ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "'Phags-pa script",
        "Sejong of Joseon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/p/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[p]",
      "note": "word-initially"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[b]",
      "note": "between vowels, after nasals and liquids"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[p͈]",
      "note": "after stops"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[p̚]",
      "note": "before stops, or word-finally"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[m]",
      "note": "before nasals and liquids"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰ]",
      "note": "next to /h/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ㅂ"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "b",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jje",
        "2": "letter",
        "tr": "b"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ (b)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Jeju",
  "lang_code": "jje",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Jeju entries with incorrect language header",
        "Jeju lemmas",
        "Jeju letters",
        "Jeju terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Jeju terms with redundant transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The Jeju consonant, ㅂ."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Jeju",
          "Jeju"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/p/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ㅂ"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "p",
      "word": "ㅍ"
    },
    {
      "english": "in Ledyard's account",
      "roman": "m",
      "word": "ㅁ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ㅁ",
        "2": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅁ (m, “m”)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/m/"
      },
      "expansion": "/m/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/p/"
      },
      "expansion": "/p/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅂ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅍ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅍ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅁ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅁ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅂ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "ꡎ",
        "sc": "Phag",
        "tr": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "ꡎ (p)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅁ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅁ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㅂ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Ledyard 1997"
      },
      "expansion": "Ledyard 1997",
      "name": "ko-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, the treatise introducing the principles behind the Korean alphabet written by its inventor King Sejong in 1446, explains that this glyph was derived by adding a stroke to ㅁ (m, “m”), which itself is a visual representation of a mouth, to represent the fact that both /m/ and /p/ are labial sounds. In Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, ㅂ is followed by ㅍ and ㅁ.\nGari Ledyard proposes that Sejong derived ㅂ from the 'Phags-pa letter ꡎ (p) turned rightwards, and that ㅁ was in fact created by removing the upper part of ㅂ. Ledyard gives evidence that Sejong was inspired by 'Phags-pa for the basic glyph forms, although he changed the shapes of the letters drastically in order to enhance the simplicity and rationality of his script, and the ultimate shape of the letters may indeed have been influenced by that of the speech organs (Ledyard 1997).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "b",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "letter"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅂ • (b)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "character",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "d",
      "roman": "d",
      "word": "ㄷ"
    },
    {
      "english": "g",
      "roman": "g",
      "word": "ㄱ"
    },
    {
      "english": "m",
      "roman": "m",
      "word": "ㅁ"
    },
    {
      "english": "p",
      "roman": "p",
      "word": "ㅍ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Jeju terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean letters",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean terms without ko-IPA template",
        "Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "비읍 (bieup, “bieup”), a jamo (letter) of Hangul, the Korean alphabet; the unaspirated bilabial plosive (/p/)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "비읍",
          "비읍"
        ],
        [
          "jamo",
          "jamo"
        ],
        [
          "Hangul",
          "Hangul"
        ],
        [
          "unaspirated",
          "unaspirated"
        ],
        [
          "bilabial",
          "bilabial"
        ],
        [
          "plosive",
          "plosive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "'Phags-pa script",
        "Sejong of Joseon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/p/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[p]",
      "note": "word-initially"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[b]",
      "note": "between vowels, after nasals and liquids"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[p͈]",
      "note": "after stops"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[p̚]",
      "note": "before stops, or word-finally"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[m]",
      "note": "before nasals and liquids"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰ]",
      "note": "next to /h/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ㅂ"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "linkages/371",
  "msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (unaspirated plosive jamo): ㄷ (d, “d”), ㄱ (g, “g”) desc=unaspirated plosive jamo rest=ㄷ (d, “d”), ㄱ (g, “g”) cls=romanization cls2=other e1=False e2=False",
  "path": [
    "ㅂ"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "letter",
  "title": "ㅂ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "linkages/371",
  "msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (bilabial jamo): ㅁ (m, “m”), ㅍ (p, “p”) desc=bilabial jamo rest=ㅁ (m, “m”), ㅍ (p, “p”) cls=romanization cls2=other e1=False e2=False",
  "path": [
    "ㅂ"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "letter",
  "title": "ㅂ",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"ㅂ" meaning in All languages combined

Character [Jeju]

Character [Korean]