See ภาวนา on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "feminine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pi-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนา",
"roman": "bhāvanā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาโย",
"roman": "bhāvanāyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนา",
"roman": "bhāvanā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนํ",
"roman": "bhāvanaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาโย",
"roman": "bhāvanāyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนา",
"roman": "bhāvanā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาหิ",
"roman": "bhāvanāhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาภิ",
"roman": "bhāvanābhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนานํ",
"roman": "bhāvanānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาหิ",
"roman": "bhāvanāhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาภิ",
"roman": "bhāvanābhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนานํ",
"roman": "bhāvanānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนายํ",
"roman": "bhāvanāyaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาสุ",
"roman": "bhāvanāsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวเน",
"roman": "bhāvane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาโย",
"roman": "bhāvanāyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนา",
"roman": "bhāvanā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ภาวนา f",
"name": "pi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "pi-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "55 6 6 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 5 5 11 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "meditation",
"word": "bhāvanā"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thai script form of bhāvanā (“meditation”)"
],
"id": "en-ภาวนา-pi-noun-5YcQRPJb",
"links": [
[
"bhāvanā",
"bhāvanā#Pali"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "bhāvanā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Brahmi",
"character"
],
"word": "𑀪𑀸𑀯𑀦𑀸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Devanagari",
"character"
],
"word": "भावना"
},
{
"tags": [
"Bengali"
],
"word": "ভাৰনা"
},
{
"tags": [
"Sinhalese",
"character"
],
"word": "භාවනා"
},
{
"word": "ဘာဝနာ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Burmese",
"character"
],
"word": "ꧤႃဝၼႃ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Thai",
"character"
],
"word": "ภาวะนา"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tai-Tham",
"character"
],
"word": "ᨽᩣᩅᨶᩣ"
},
{
"word": "ຠາວນາ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lao",
"character"
],
"word": "ຠາວະນາ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Khmer",
"character"
],
"word": "ភាវនា"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chakma",
"character"
],
"word": "𑄞𑄂𑅇𑄚𑄂"
}
],
"tags": [
"Thai",
"character",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "ภาวนา"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "bhāvanā",
"gloss": "cultivation; development"
},
"expansion": "Pali bhāvanā (“cultivation; development”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ភាវនា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ភាវនា (phiəwniə)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali bhāvanā (“cultivation; development”). Cognate with Khmer ភាវនា (phiəwniə).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paa-wá-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ภาวนา • (paa-wá-naa)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 11 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 29 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spiritual contemplation or meditation."
],
"id": "en-ภาวนา-th-noun-9ubfMOBo",
"links": [
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
],
[
"contemplation",
"contemplation"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰaː˧.wa˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ภาวนา"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "bhāvanā",
"gloss": "cultivation; development"
},
"expansion": "Pali bhāvanā (“cultivation; development”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ភាវនា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ភាវនា (phiəwniə)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali bhāvanā (“cultivation; development”). Cognate with Khmer ភាវនា (phiəwniə).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paa-wá-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "การภาวนา",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ภาวนา • (paa-wá-naa) (abstract noun การภาวนา)",
"name": "th-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 11 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 29 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pray:",
"to offer a prayer (to a god, object of worship, etc)."
],
"id": "en-ภาวนา-th-verb-5ldEg8rg",
"links": [
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"offer",
"offer"
],
[
"prayer",
"prayer"
],
[
"god",
"god"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 11 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 29 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pray:",
"to enter into spiritual communion through prayer; to engage in spiritual contemplation or meditation, especially through prayer."
],
"id": "en-ภาวนา-th-verb-ASLFv8oy",
"links": [
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"enter",
"enter"
],
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
],
[
"communion",
"communion"
],
[
"prayer",
"prayer"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"contemplation",
"contemplation"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 11 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 29 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I pray he'll return safe and sound.",
"roman": "paa-wá-naa hâi kǎo glàp maa bplɔ̀ɔt-pai",
"text": "ภาวนาให้เขากลับมาปลอดภัย",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pray:",
"to hope or wish earnestly or strongly."
],
"id": "en-ภาวนา-th-verb-Hke7F2qj",
"links": [
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"hope",
"hope"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"earnest",
"earnest"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰaː˧.wa˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ภาวนา"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "feminine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pi-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนา",
"roman": "bhāvanā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาโย",
"roman": "bhāvanāyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนา",
"roman": "bhāvanā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนํ",
"roman": "bhāvanaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาโย",
"roman": "bhāvanāyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนา",
"roman": "bhāvanā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาหิ",
"roman": "bhāvanāhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาภิ",
"roman": "bhāvanābhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนานํ",
"roman": "bhāvanānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาหิ",
"roman": "bhāvanāhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาภิ",
"roman": "bhāvanābhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนานํ",
"roman": "bhāvanānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาย",
"roman": "bhāvanāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนายํ",
"roman": "bhāvanāyaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาสุ",
"roman": "bhāvanāsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวเน",
"roman": "bhāvane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนาโย",
"roman": "bhāvanāyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ภาวนา",
"roman": "bhāvanā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ภาวนา f",
"name": "pi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "pi-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"Pali feminine nouns",
"Pali lemmas",
"Pali nouns",
"Pali nouns in Thai script",
"Thai script"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "meditation",
"word": "bhāvanā"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thai script form of bhāvanā (“meditation”)"
],
"links": [
[
"bhāvanā",
"bhāvanā#Pali"
]
],
"tags": [
"Thai",
"character",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "bhāvanā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Brahmi",
"character"
],
"word": "𑀪𑀸𑀯𑀦𑀸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Devanagari",
"character"
],
"word": "भावना"
},
{
"tags": [
"Bengali"
],
"word": "ভাৰনা"
},
{
"tags": [
"Sinhalese",
"character"
],
"word": "භාවනා"
},
{
"word": "ဘာဝနာ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Burmese",
"character"
],
"word": "ꧤႃဝၼႃ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Thai",
"character"
],
"word": "ภาวะนา"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tai-Tham",
"character"
],
"word": "ᨽᩣᩅᨶᩣ"
},
{
"word": "ຠາວນາ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lao",
"character"
],
"word": "ຠາວະນາ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Khmer",
"character"
],
"word": "ភាវនា"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chakma",
"character"
],
"word": "𑄞𑄂𑅇𑄚𑄂"
}
],
"word": "ภาวนา"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/aː",
"Thai 3-syllable words",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms spelled with ภ",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "bhāvanā",
"gloss": "cultivation; development"
},
"expansion": "Pali bhāvanā (“cultivation; development”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ភាវនា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ភាវនា (phiəwniə)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali bhāvanā (“cultivation; development”). Cognate with Khmer ភាវនា (phiəwniə).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paa-wá-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ภาวนา • (paa-wá-naa)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spiritual contemplation or meditation."
],
"links": [
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
],
[
"contemplation",
"contemplation"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰaː˧.wa˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ภาวนา"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/aː",
"Thai 3-syllable words",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms spelled with ภ",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "bhāvanā",
"gloss": "cultivation; development"
},
"expansion": "Pali bhāvanā (“cultivation; development”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ភាវនា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ភាវនា (phiəwniə)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali bhāvanā (“cultivation; development”). Cognate with Khmer ភាវនា (phiəwniə).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paa-wá-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "การภาวนา",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ภาวนา • (paa-wá-naa) (abstract noun การภาวนา)",
"name": "th-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to pray:",
"to offer a prayer (to a god, object of worship, etc)."
],
"links": [
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"offer",
"offer"
],
[
"prayer",
"prayer"
],
[
"god",
"god"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to pray:",
"to enter into spiritual communion through prayer; to engage in spiritual contemplation or meditation, especially through prayer."
],
"links": [
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"enter",
"enter"
],
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
],
[
"communion",
"communion"
],
[
"prayer",
"prayer"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"contemplation",
"contemplation"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I pray he'll return safe and sound.",
"roman": "paa-wá-naa hâi kǎo glàp maa bplɔ̀ɔt-pai",
"text": "ภาวนาให้เขากลับมาปลอดภัย",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pray:",
"to hope or wish earnestly or strongly."
],
"links": [
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"hope",
"hope"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"earnest",
"earnest"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰaː˧.wa˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ภาวนา"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ภาวนา meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
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"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Nominative (first)",
"path": [
"ภาวนา"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ภาวนา",
"trace": ""
}
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"path": [
"ภาวนา"
],
"section": "Pali",
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"title": "ภาวนา",
"trace": ""
}
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"path": [
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],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ภาวนา",
"trace": ""
}
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"path": [
"ภาวนา"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ภาวนา",
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"path": [
"ภาวนา"
],
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"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ภาวนา",
"trace": ""
}
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"path": [
"ภาวนา"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ภาวนา",
"trace": ""
}
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"called_from": "inflection/2466",
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"path": [
"ภาวนา"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ภาวนา",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Vocative (calling)",
"path": [
"ภาวนา"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ภาวนา",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.