See कष् on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Primary Verbal Forms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Present",
"roman": "káṣati",
"word": "कषति"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Future",
"roman": "kaṣiṣyáti",
"word": "कषिष्यति"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Periphrastic Future",
"roman": "kaṣitā́",
"word": "कषिता"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Aorist",
"word": "अकाषीत्"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Perfect",
"roman": "cakā́ṣa",
"word": "चकाष"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Secondary Forms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kaṣyáte",
"tags": [
"passive"
],
"word": "कष्यते"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ákāṣi",
"tags": [
"passive"
],
"word": "अकाषि"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kāṣáyati",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"word": "काषयति"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ácīkaṣat",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"word": "अचीकषत्"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Desiderative",
"word": "चिकषिषति"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Intensive",
"roman": "cākaṣīti",
"word": "चाकषीति"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Intensive",
"roman": "cākaṣyate",
"word": "चाकष्यते"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Non-Finite Forms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Past Participle",
"roman": "kaṣitá",
"word": "कषित"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Infinitive",
"roman": "káṣitum",
"word": "कषितुम्"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gerund",
"word": "कषित्वा"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Derived Nominal Forms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "rubbing, scraping, rubbing away",
"roman": "káṣa",
"word": "कष"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "rubbing oneself",
"roman": "káṣaṇa",
"word": "कषण"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "hurtful, injurious",
"roman": "kaṣí",
"word": "कषि"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "astringent, extract",
"roman": "kaṣāya",
"word": "कषाय"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "injury, pain, hardship",
"roman": "kaṣṭá",
"word": "कष्ट"
}
],
"descendants": [],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kars-",
"t": "to scratch, scrape, rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*korsta",
"3": "",
"4": "scab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *korsta (“scab”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "karsiu",
"t": "to comb"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "harsh"
},
"expansion": "English harsh",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A colloquial form of the root कृष् (kṛṣ, “to draw, pull, drag”). Pokorny's original derivation from a supposed Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”) (for which he cites Proto-Slavic *korsta (“scab”), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”), and English harsh) is obsolete.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṣ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "root",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "कष् • (kaṣ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "कष् • (kaṣ)",
"name": "sa-root"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 25 13 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 14 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 21 12 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 13 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 13 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rub, scratch, scrape"
],
"id": "en-कष्-sa-root-4WwGEN49",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 25 13 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 14 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 21 12 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 13 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 13 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to itch"
],
"id": "en-कष्-sa-root-G8NeIbdR",
"links": [
[
"itch",
"itch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 25 13 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 14 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 21 12 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 13 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 13 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rub with a touchstone, test, try"
],
"id": "en-कष्-sa-root-tbUPlIS6",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"touchstone",
"touchstone"
],
[
"test",
"test"
],
[
"try",
"try"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 25 13 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 14 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 21 12 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 13 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 13 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to injure, hurt, destroy"
],
"id": "en-कष्-sa-root-5zxxDrQA",
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 25 13 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 14 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 21 12 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 24 15 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 13 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 13 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to leap"
],
"id": "en-कष्-sa-root-xoqHP9ty",
"links": [
[
"leap",
"leap"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कष्"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit roots",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Primary Verbal Forms"
},
{
"english": "Present",
"roman": "káṣati",
"word": "कषति"
},
{
"english": "Future",
"roman": "kaṣiṣyáti",
"word": "कषिष्यति"
},
{
"english": "Periphrastic Future",
"roman": "kaṣitā́",
"word": "कषिता"
},
{
"roman": "Aorist",
"word": "अकाषीत्"
},
{
"english": "Perfect",
"roman": "cakā́ṣa",
"word": "चकाष"
},
{
"word": "Secondary Forms"
},
{
"roman": "kaṣyáte",
"tags": [
"passive"
],
"word": "कष्यते"
},
{
"roman": "ákāṣi",
"tags": [
"passive"
],
"word": "अकाषि"
},
{
"roman": "kāṣáyati",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"word": "काषयति"
},
{
"roman": "ácīkaṣat",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"word": "अचीकषत्"
},
{
"roman": "Desiderative",
"word": "चिकषिषति"
},
{
"english": "Intensive",
"roman": "cākaṣīti",
"word": "चाकषीति"
},
{
"english": "Intensive",
"roman": "cākaṣyate",
"word": "चाकष्यते"
},
{
"word": "Non-Finite Forms"
},
{
"english": "Past Participle",
"roman": "kaṣitá",
"word": "कषित"
},
{
"english": "Infinitive",
"roman": "káṣitum",
"word": "कषितुम्"
},
{
"roman": "Gerund",
"word": "कषित्वा"
},
{
"word": "Derived Nominal Forms"
},
{
"english": "rubbing, scraping, rubbing away",
"roman": "káṣa",
"word": "कष"
},
{
"english": "rubbing oneself",
"roman": "káṣaṇa",
"word": "कषण"
},
{
"english": "hurtful, injurious",
"roman": "kaṣí",
"word": "कषि"
},
{
"english": "astringent, extract",
"roman": "kaṣāya",
"word": "कषाय"
},
{
"english": "injury, pain, hardship",
"roman": "kaṣṭá",
"word": "कष्ट"
}
],
"descendants": [],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kars-",
"t": "to scratch, scrape, rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*korsta",
"3": "",
"4": "scab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *korsta (“scab”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "karsiu",
"t": "to comb"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "harsh"
},
"expansion": "English harsh",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A colloquial form of the root कृष् (kṛṣ, “to draw, pull, drag”). Pokorny's original derivation from a supposed Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”) (for which he cites Proto-Slavic *korsta (“scab”), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”), and English harsh) is obsolete.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṣ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "root",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "कष् • (kaṣ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "कष् • (kaṣ)",
"name": "sa-root"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to rub, scratch, scrape"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to itch"
],
"links": [
[
"itch",
"itch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to rub with a touchstone, test, try"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"touchstone",
"touchstone"
],
[
"test",
"test"
],
[
"try",
"try"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to injure, hurt, destroy"
],
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to leap"
],
"links": [
[
"leap",
"leap"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कष्"
}
Download raw JSONL data for कष् meaning in All languages combined (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.