"कठ्" meaning in All languages combined

See कठ् on Wiktionary

Root [Sanskrit]

IPA: /kɐʈʰ/ [Vedic], /kɐʈʰ/ [Classical-Sanskrit] Forms: kaṭh [romanization]
Etymology: Has been compared to Ancient Greek κρατερός (kraterós, “strong”) and Old Irish calath (“firm”), but the phonetic variation of the words grouped under this root is difficult to reconcile. In light of this, perhaps borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”). Note also Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”). Etymology templates: {{cog|ta|கட்டு|t=to build, harden}} Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”), {{cog|ne|करा|t=hard, rough}} Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”) Head templates: {{head|sa|root|head=|tr=}} कठ् • (kaṭh), {{sa-root}} कठ् • (kaṭh)
  1. to live in distress Wikipedia link: Ancient Greek, Old Irish Tags: morpheme Derived forms: कठ (kaṭha), कठिन (kaṭhina), कठोर (kaṭhora)
    Sense id: en-कठ्-sa-root-8YmVAjtp Categories (other): Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit roots

Download JSON data for कठ् meaning in All languages combined (1.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "கட்டு",
        "t": "to build, harden"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ne",
        "2": "करा",
        "t": "hard, rough"
      },
      "expansion": "Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Has been compared to Ancient Greek κρατερός (kraterós, “strong”) and Old Irish calath (“firm”), but the phonetic variation of the words grouped under this root is difficult to reconcile. In light of this, perhaps borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”). Note also Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kaṭh",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "root",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "कठ् • (kaṭh)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "कठ् • (kaṭh)",
      "name": "sa-root"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kaṭha",
          "word": "कठ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kaṭhina",
          "word": "कठिन"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kaṭhora",
          "word": "कठोर"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to live in distress"
      ],
      "id": "en-कठ्-sa-root-8YmVAjtp",
      "links": [
        [
          "live",
          "live"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Ancient Greek",
        "Old Irish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐʈʰ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐʈʰ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "कठ्"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kaṭha",
      "word": "कठ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaṭhina",
      "word": "कठिन"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaṭhora",
      "word": "कठोर"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "கட்டு",
        "t": "to build, harden"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ne",
        "2": "करा",
        "t": "hard, rough"
      },
      "expansion": "Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Has been compared to Ancient Greek κρατερός (kraterós, “strong”) and Old Irish calath (“firm”), but the phonetic variation of the words grouped under this root is difficult to reconcile. In light of this, perhaps borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”). Note also Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kaṭh",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "root",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "कठ् • (kaṭh)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "कठ् • (kaṭh)",
      "name": "sa-root"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
        "Sanskrit lemmas",
        "Sanskrit roots",
        "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to live in distress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "live",
          "live"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Ancient Greek",
        "Old Irish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐʈʰ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐʈʰ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "कठ्"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.