See ܓܫܘܫܐ on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gāšōšūṯā",
"word": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ܓ ܫ ܫ"
},
"expansion": "Root\n ܓ ܫ ܫ (g š š)\n 0 terms",
"name": "aii-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aii",
"2": "arc",
"3": "גָּשׁוֹשָׁא",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "gāšōšā",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aii",
"2": "arc",
"3": "גָּשׁוֹשָׁא",
"tr": "gāšōšā"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aii",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*gáwšah",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1",
"t": "ear"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic matching of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”)",
"name": "psm"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc-imp",
"2": "𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀",
"t": "a Persian official: spy",
"tr": "gwškʾ",
"ts": "*gōšakā"
},
"expansion": "Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գուշակ",
"t": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "גָּשׁוֹשׁ",
"tr": "gashósh"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gashósh)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جَاسُوس"
},
"expansion": "Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Root\n ܓ ܫ ܫ (g š š)\n 0 terms\nInherited from Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā), as a phono-semantic matching of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”) through the verb ܓܵܝܹܫ (gāyēš, “to touch”); hence also the verb ܡܓܲܫܸܩ (mgaššiq, “to stare”), Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”) and Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”). Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gashósh) and borrowed into Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs) via Classical Syriac.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gāšōšā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ",
"roman": "gāšōšē",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ",
"roman": "gāšōštā",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "aii-infl-noun/m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ",
"roman": "gāšōšī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ",
"roman": "gāšōš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"construct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܟ݂",
"roman": "gāšōšūḵ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ",
"roman": "gāšōšāḵ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšāwḵōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ",
"roman": "gāšōšā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹܗ",
"roman": "gāšōšēh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܗ̇",
"roman": "gāšōšāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗܘܿܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšhōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ̈",
"roman": "gāšōšī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ̈",
"roman": "gāšōšan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܝ̈",
"roman": "gāšōšay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"construct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܟ݂",
"roman": "gāšōšūḵ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ̈",
"roman": "gāšōšāḵ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšāwḵōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ",
"roman": "gāšōšē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܗܝ",
"roman": "gāšōšūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ̈ܘܿܗ̇",
"roman": "gāšōšōh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗ̈ܘܿܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšhōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ",
"2": "m-s",
"f": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ",
"pl": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ"
},
"expansion": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ • (gāšōšā) m sg (plural ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ (gāšōšē), feminine ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ (gāšōštā))",
"name": "aii-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ"
},
"name": "aii-infl-noun/m"
},
{
"args": {
"pl.1cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ̈",
"pl.1cs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ̈",
"pl.2cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
"pl.2fs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ̈",
"pl.2ms": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܟ݂",
"pl.3cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗ̈ܘܿܢ",
"pl.3fs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ̈ܘܿܗ̇",
"pl.3ms": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܗܝ",
"pl.abs.": "–",
"pl.cstr.": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܝ̈",
"pl.emph.": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ",
"sg.1cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ",
"sg.1cs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ",
"sg.2cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
"sg.2fs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ",
"sg.2ms": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܟ݂",
"sg.3cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗܘܿܢ",
"sg.3fs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܗ̇",
"sg.3ms": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹܗ",
"sg.abs.": "–",
"sg.cstr.": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ",
"sg.emph.": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ"
},
"name": "aii-infl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"lang_code": "aii",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spy"
],
"id": "en-ܓܫܘܫܐ-aii-noun-V9SqN3JQ",
"links": [
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms belonging to the root ܓ ܫ ܫ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 55 2 25 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Syriac entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 49 3 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Syriac terms belonging to the root ܓ ܫ ܫ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 40 7 23 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 40 7 22 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "aii",
"name": "Espionage",
"orig": "aii:Espionage",
"parents": [
"Deception",
"Secrecy",
"Security",
"Ethics",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Philosophy",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "aii",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "aii:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scout, searcher, explorer"
],
"id": "en-ܓܫܘܫܐ-aii-noun-1N9yuTBL",
"links": [
[
"scout",
"scout"
],
[
"searcher",
"searcher"
],
[
"explorer",
"explorer"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡɑːʃoːʃɑː]",
"tags": [
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʒɑːʃuːʃɑː]",
"note": "Urmia"
}
],
"word": "ܓܫܘܫܐ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gāšōšūṯā",
"word": "ܓܫܘܫܘܬܐ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جَاسُوس",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: جَاسُوس (jāsūs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: جَاسُوس (jāsūs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ܓ ܫ ܫ"
},
"expansion": "ܓ ܫ ܫ",
"name": "syc-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "גָּשׁוֹשׁ",
"tr": "gāšṓš"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gāšṓš)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ira-mid",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle Iranian",
"name": "sl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*gáwšah",
"t": "ear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc-imp",
"2": "𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀",
"t": "a Persian official: spy",
"tr": "gwškʾ",
"ts": "*gōšakā"
},
"expansion": "Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գուշակ",
"t": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "عَيْن",
"lit": "eye",
"t": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spy”, literally “eye”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ܓ ܫ ܫ related to feeling touch, palpitating. Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gāšṓš). Meanings of spying are well from a Middle Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”); compare Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”) and Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”), and Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spy”, literally “eye”) for like transferral of a body parts name to the name of a spy in Semitic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gāšōšā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"roman": "gāšōšē",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܬܐ",
"roman": "gāšōštā",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܝ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessed-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"construct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܟ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܟܝ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܟܘܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܟܝܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܗ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܗ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܗܘܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܗܝܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"10": "",
"11": "or",
"12": "",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"15": "or",
"16": "",
"17": "singular feminine counterpart",
"18": "ܓܫܘܫܬܐ",
"19": "",
"2": "noun",
"20": "",
"3": "plural",
"4": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"f1tr": "gāšōšē",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"f4tr": "",
"f5tr": "",
"f6tr": "",
"f7tr": "",
"f8tr": "gāšōštā",
"f9tr": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "gāšōšā",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": "",
"tr5": "",
"tr6": ""
},
"expansion": "ܓܫܘܫܐ • (gāšōšā) m (plural ܓܫܘܫܐ (gāšōšē), singular feminine counterpart ܓܫܘܫܬܐ (gāšōštā))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"f": "ܓܫܘܫܬܐ",
"ftr": "gāšōštā",
"pltr": "gāšōšē",
"tr": "gāšōšā"
},
"expansion": "ܓܫܘܫܐ • (gāšōšā) m (plural ܓܫܘܫܐ (gāšōšē), singular feminine counterpart ܓܫܘܫܬܐ (gāšōštā))",
"name": "syc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 41 49",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "syc",
"name": "Espionage",
"orig": "syc:Espionage",
"parents": [
"Deception",
"Secrecy",
"Security",
"Ethics",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Philosophy",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spy"
],
"id": "en-ܓܫܘܫܐ-syc-noun-V9SqN3JQ",
"links": [
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 41 49",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "syc",
"name": "Espionage",
"orig": "syc:Espionage",
"parents": [
"Deception",
"Secrecy",
"Security",
"Ethics",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Philosophy",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 84 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "syc",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "syc:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scout, searcher, explorer"
],
"id": "en-ܓܫܘܫܐ-syc-noun-1N9yuTBL",
"links": [
[
"scout",
"scout"
],
[
"searcher",
"searcher"
],
[
"explorer",
"explorer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "syc",
"name": "Medical signs and symptoms",
"orig": "syc:Medical signs and symptoms",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Medicine",
"Body",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 41 49",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "syc",
"name": "Espionage",
"orig": "syc:Espionage",
"parents": [
"Deception",
"Secrecy",
"Security",
"Ethics",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Philosophy",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"palpitation"
],
"id": "en-ܓܫܘܫܐ-syc-noun-d03JeIlg",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"palpitation",
"palpitation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) palpitation"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡɑʃoʃɑ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɑʃoʃe]"
}
],
"word": "ܓܫܘܫܐ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic entries with incorrect language header",
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic lemmas",
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic masculine nouns",
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic nouns",
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms belonging to the root ܓ ܫ ܫ",
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms derived from Aramaic",
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms inherited from Aramaic",
"Classical Syriac entries with incorrect language header",
"Classical Syriac lemmas",
"Classical Syriac masculine nouns",
"Classical Syriac nouns",
"Classical Syriac semantic loans from Middle Iranian languages",
"Classical Syriac terms belonging to the root ܓ ܫ ܫ",
"Classical Syriac terms derived from Middle Iranian languages",
"Classical Syriac terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"aii:Espionage",
"aii:Occupations",
"syc:Espionage",
"syc:Occupations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gāšōšūṯā",
"word": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ܓ ܫ ܫ"
},
"expansion": "Root\n ܓ ܫ ܫ (g š š)\n 0 terms",
"name": "aii-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aii",
"2": "arc",
"3": "גָּשׁוֹשָׁא",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "gāšōšā",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aii",
"2": "arc",
"3": "גָּשׁוֹשָׁא",
"tr": "gāšōšā"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aii",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*gáwšah",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1",
"t": "ear"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic matching of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”)",
"name": "psm"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc-imp",
"2": "𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀",
"t": "a Persian official: spy",
"tr": "gwškʾ",
"ts": "*gōšakā"
},
"expansion": "Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գուշակ",
"t": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "גָּשׁוֹשׁ",
"tr": "gashósh"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gashósh)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جَاسُوس"
},
"expansion": "Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Root\n ܓ ܫ ܫ (g š š)\n 0 terms\nInherited from Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā), as a phono-semantic matching of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”) through the verb ܓܵܝܹܫ (gāyēš, “to touch”); hence also the verb ܡܓܲܫܸܩ (mgaššiq, “to stare”), Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”) and Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”). Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gashósh) and borrowed into Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs) via Classical Syriac.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gāšōšā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ",
"roman": "gāšōšē",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ",
"roman": "gāšōštā",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "aii-infl-noun/m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ",
"roman": "gāšōšī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ",
"roman": "gāšōš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"construct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܟ݂",
"roman": "gāšōšūḵ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ",
"roman": "gāšōšāḵ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšāwḵōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ",
"roman": "gāšōšā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹܗ",
"roman": "gāšōšēh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܗ̇",
"roman": "gāšōšāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗܘܿܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšhōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ̈",
"roman": "gāšōšī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ̈",
"roman": "gāšōšan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܝ̈",
"roman": "gāšōšay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"construct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܟ݂",
"roman": "gāšōšūḵ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ̈",
"roman": "gāšōšāḵ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšāwḵōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ",
"roman": "gāšōšē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܗܝ",
"roman": "gāšōšūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ̈ܘܿܗ̇",
"roman": "gāšōšōh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗ̈ܘܿܢ",
"roman": "gāšōšhōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ",
"2": "m-s",
"f": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ",
"pl": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ"
},
"expansion": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ • (gāšōšā) m sg (plural ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ (gāšōšē), feminine ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ (gāšōštā))",
"name": "aii-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ"
},
"name": "aii-infl-noun/m"
},
{
"args": {
"pl.1cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ̈",
"pl.1cs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ̈",
"pl.2cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
"pl.2fs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ̈",
"pl.2ms": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܟ݂",
"pl.3cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗ̈ܘܿܢ",
"pl.3fs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ̈ܘܿܗ̇",
"pl.3ms": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܗܝ",
"pl.abs.": "–",
"pl.cstr.": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܝ̈",
"pl.emph.": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ",
"sg.1cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ",
"sg.1cs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ",
"sg.2cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
"sg.2fs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ",
"sg.2ms": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܟ݂",
"sg.3cp": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗܘܿܢ",
"sg.3fs": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܗ̇",
"sg.3ms": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹܗ",
"sg.abs.": "–",
"sg.cstr.": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫ",
"sg.emph.": "ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ"
},
"name": "aii-infl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"lang_code": "aii",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spy"
],
"links": [
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scout, searcher, explorer"
],
"links": [
[
"scout",
"scout"
],
[
"searcher",
"searcher"
],
[
"explorer",
"explorer"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡɑːʃoːʃɑː]",
"tags": [
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʒɑːʃuːʃɑː]",
"note": "Urmia"
}
],
"word": "ܓܫܘܫܐ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Classical Syriac entries with incorrect language header",
"Classical Syriac lemmas",
"Classical Syriac masculine nouns",
"Classical Syriac nouns",
"Classical Syriac semantic loans from Middle Iranian languages",
"Classical Syriac terms belonging to the root ܓ ܫ ܫ",
"Classical Syriac terms derived from Middle Iranian languages",
"Classical Syriac terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"syc:Espionage",
"syc:Occupations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gāšōšūṯā",
"word": "ܓܫܘܫܘܬܐ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جَاسُوس",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: جَاسُوس (jāsūs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: جَاسُوس (jāsūs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ܓ ܫ ܫ"
},
"expansion": "ܓ ܫ ܫ",
"name": "syc-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "גָּשׁוֹשׁ",
"tr": "gāšṓš"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gāšṓš)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ira-mid",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle Iranian",
"name": "sl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*gáwšah",
"t": "ear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc-imp",
"2": "𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀",
"t": "a Persian official: spy",
"tr": "gwškʾ",
"ts": "*gōšakā"
},
"expansion": "Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գուշակ",
"t": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "عَيْن",
"lit": "eye",
"t": "spy"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spy”, literally “eye”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ܓ ܫ ܫ related to feeling touch, palpitating. Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gāšṓš). Meanings of spying are well from a Middle Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”); compare Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”) and Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”), and Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spy”, literally “eye”) for like transferral of a body parts name to the name of a spy in Semitic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gāšōšā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"roman": "gāšōšē",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܬܐ",
"roman": "gāšōštā",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܝ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessed-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"construct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܟ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܟܝ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܟܘܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܟܝܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܗ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܗ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessed-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܗܘܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ܓܫܘܫܗܝܢ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessed-form",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"10": "",
"11": "or",
"12": "",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"15": "or",
"16": "",
"17": "singular feminine counterpart",
"18": "ܓܫܘܫܬܐ",
"19": "",
"2": "noun",
"20": "",
"3": "plural",
"4": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"f1tr": "gāšōšē",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"f4tr": "",
"f5tr": "",
"f6tr": "",
"f7tr": "",
"f8tr": "gāšōštā",
"f9tr": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "gāšōšā",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": "",
"tr5": "",
"tr6": ""
},
"expansion": "ܓܫܘܫܐ • (gāšōšā) m (plural ܓܫܘܫܐ (gāšōšē), singular feminine counterpart ܓܫܘܫܬܐ (gāšōštā))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"f": "ܓܫܘܫܬܐ",
"ftr": "gāšōštā",
"pltr": "gāšōšē",
"tr": "gāšōšā"
},
"expansion": "ܓܫܘܫܐ • (gāšōšā) m (plural ܓܫܘܫܐ (gāšōšē), singular feminine counterpart ܓܫܘܫܬܐ (gāšōštā))",
"name": "syc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spy"
],
"links": [
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scout, searcher, explorer"
],
"links": [
[
"scout",
"scout"
],
[
"searcher",
"searcher"
],
[
"explorer",
"explorer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"syc:Medical signs and symptoms"
],
"glosses": [
"palpitation"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"palpitation",
"palpitation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) palpitation"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡɑʃoʃɑ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɑʃoʃe]"
}
],
"word": "ܓܫܘܫܐ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ܓܫܘܫܐ meaning in All languages combined (13.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113b",
"msg": "Rowspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"ܓܫܘܫܐ"
],
"section": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113b",
"msg": "Rowspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"ܓܫܘܫܐ"
],
"section": "Classical Syriac",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ܓܫܘܫܐ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.