See بندی on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "बंदी",
"3": "बन्दी"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: बंदी (bandī), बन्दी (bandī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: बंदी (bandī), बन्दी (bandī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "بندی",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: بندی (bandī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: بندی (bandī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਬੰਦੀ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਬੰਦੀ (bandī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਬੰਦੀ (bandī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "بندی",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: بندی (bndī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: بندی (bndī)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰendʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "بند",
"3": "ـی",
"tr1": "band",
"tr2": "i"
},
"expansion": "بند (band) + ـی (-i)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From بند (band) + ـی (-i).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bandi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "بندیها",
"roman": "bandi-hâ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "بندیها",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "bandi-hâ",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "bandi",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "بندی • (bandi) (plural بندیها (bandi-hâ))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "بندیها",
"tr": "bandi"
},
"expansion": "بندی • (bandi) (plural بندیها (bandi-hâ))",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـی",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prisoner"
],
"id": "en-بندی-fa-noun-QclfNLqP",
"links": [
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
]
]
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "بِندی",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bindī",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ਬਿੰਦੀ",
"tags": [
"Gurmukhi"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pnb-noun-f-ī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندی",
"roman": "bindī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیاں",
"roman": "bindīyāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندی",
"roman": "bindī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیاں",
"roman": "bindīyāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیے",
"roman": "bindiye",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیو",
"roman": "bindīv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیوں",
"roman": "bindīvṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیاں",
"roman": "bindīyāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"gur": "ਬਿੰਦੀ",
"head": "بِندی"
},
"expansion": "بِندی • (bindī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਬਿੰਦੀ)",
"name": "pa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "بِندی",
"10": "—",
"11": "—",
"12": "—",
"2": "بِندِیاں",
"3": "بِندی",
"4": "بِندِیاں",
"5": "بِندِیے",
"6": "بِندِیو",
"7": "بِندِیوں",
"8": "بِندِیاں",
"9": "—"
},
"name": "pa-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dot, point"
],
"id": "en-بندی-pa-noun-8lHaODdq",
"links": [
[
"dot",
"dot"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:pnb-noun-f-ī",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 49 2 8 2 10 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 55 2 5 1 6 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Punjabi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Punjabi nouns with declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bindi (dot worn on forehead)"
],
"id": "en-بندی-pa-noun-BFcIRkXb",
"links": [
[
"bindi",
"bindi"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɪnd̪iː/"
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "بندی",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian بندی (bandī)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian بندی (bandī).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bandī",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "बंदी",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"hi": "बंदी",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "بندی • (bandī) m (Hindi spelling बंदी)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"prisoner"
],
"id": "en-بندی-ur-noun-QclfNLqP",
"links": [
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"captive"
],
"id": "en-بندی-ur-noun-w6ZINBFb",
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"id": "en-بندی-ur-noun-GDk2sBDG",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
]
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "sa",
"3": "बन्दिन्"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बन्दिन् (bandin)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बन्दिन् (bandin)، from earlier वन्दिन् (vandin, “praiser, bard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bandī",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "बंदी",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"hi": "बंदी",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "بندی • (bandī) m (Hindi spelling बंदी)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"bard"
],
"id": "en-بندی-ur-noun-kFj3nIk6",
"links": [
[
"bard",
"bard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) bard"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 9 2 33 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one who praises or extols"
],
"id": "en-بندی-ur-noun-RQ5ZV7qw",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) one who praises or extols"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bandī",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ush",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "بندی (bandī)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ushojo",
"lang_code": "ush",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ushojo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"quality (plural)"
],
"id": "en-بندی-ush-noun-tB3DyT3b",
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"plural",
"plural"
]
]
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "बंदी",
"3": "बन्दी"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: बंदी (bandī), बन्दी (bandī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: बंदी (bandī), बन्दी (bandī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "بندی",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: بندی (bandī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: بندی (bandī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਬੰਦੀ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਬੰਦੀ (bandī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਬੰਦੀ (bandī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "بندی",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: بندی (bndī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: بندی (bndī)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰendʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "بند",
"3": "ـی",
"tr1": "band",
"tr2": "i"
},
"expansion": "بند (band) + ـی (-i)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From بند (band) + ـی (-i).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bandi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "بندیها",
"roman": "bandi-hâ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "بندیها",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "bandi-hâ",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "bandi",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "بندی • (bandi) (plural بندیها (bandi-hâ))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "بندیها",
"tr": "bandi"
},
"expansion": "بندی • (bandi) (plural بندیها (bandi-hâ))",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-",
"Persian terms suffixed with ـی"
],
"glosses": [
"prisoner"
],
"links": [
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
]
]
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:pnb-noun-f-ī",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Punjabi entries with incorrect language header",
"Punjabi feminine nouns",
"Punjabi lemmas",
"Punjabi nouns",
"Punjabi nouns in Shahmukhi script",
"Punjabi nouns with declension"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "بِندی",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bindī",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ਬਿੰਦੀ",
"tags": [
"Gurmukhi"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pnb-noun-f-ī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندی",
"roman": "bindī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیاں",
"roman": "bindīyāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندی",
"roman": "bindī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیاں",
"roman": "bindīyāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیے",
"roman": "bindiye",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیو",
"roman": "bindīv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیوں",
"roman": "bindīvṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بِندِیاں",
"roman": "bindīyāṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"gur": "ਬਿੰਦੀ",
"head": "بِندی"
},
"expansion": "بِندی • (bindī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਬਿੰਦੀ)",
"name": "pa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "بِندی",
"10": "—",
"11": "—",
"12": "—",
"2": "بِندِیاں",
"3": "بِندی",
"4": "بِندِیاں",
"5": "بِندِیے",
"6": "بِندِیو",
"7": "بِندِیوں",
"8": "بِندِیاں",
"9": "—"
},
"name": "pa-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dot, point"
],
"links": [
[
"dot",
"dot"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bindi (dot worn on forehead)"
],
"links": [
[
"bindi",
"bindi"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɪnd̪iː/"
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu learned borrowings from Sanskrit",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu masculine nouns",
"Urdu nouns",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Urdu terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "بندی",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian بندی (bandī)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian بندی (bandī).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bandī",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "बंदी",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"hi": "बंदी",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "بندی • (bandī) m (Hindi spelling बंदी)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"prisoner"
],
"links": [
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"captive"
],
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
]
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu learned borrowings from Sanskrit",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu masculine nouns",
"Urdu nouns",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Urdu terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "sa",
"3": "बन्दिन्"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बन्दिन् (bandin)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बन्दिन् (bandin)، from earlier वन्दिन् (vandin, “praiser, bard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bandī",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "बंदी",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"hi": "बंदी",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "بندی • (bandī) m (Hindi spelling बंदी)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Urdu terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"bard"
],
"links": [
[
"bard",
"bard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) bard"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Urdu terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"one who praises or extols"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) one who praises or extols"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bandī",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ush",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"tr": "bandī"
},
"expansion": "بندی (bandī)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ushojo",
"lang_code": "ush",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ushojo entries with incorrect language header",
"Ushojo lemmas",
"Ushojo nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"quality (plural)"
],
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"plural",
"plural"
]
]
}
],
"word": "بندی"
}
Download raw JSONL data for بندی meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"بندی",
"pnb-noun-f-ī",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Punjabi",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "بندی",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"بندی",
"pnb-noun-f-ī",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Punjabi",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "بندی",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"بندی",
"pnb-noun-f-ī",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Punjabi",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "بندی",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"بندی",
"pnb-noun-f-ī",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Punjabi",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "بندی",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.