See الشام on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"id": "Damascus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش",
"2": "ء",
"3": "م"
},
"expansion": "ش ء م (š-ʔ-m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش",
"2": "م",
"3": "ل",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ش م ل (š-m-l)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שְׂמֹאל",
"t": "left",
"tr": "s'mól"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "šumēlum",
"3": "𒆏",
"t": "left side",
"tr": "šumēlum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "סְמָלָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic סְמָלָא",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩦𐩱𐩣",
"t": "North"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بِلَاد الشَّام",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)",
"name": "ellipsis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ش ء م (š-ʔ-m), a variant of ش م ل (š-m-l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).\nThe “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "aš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"roman": "aš-šām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامُ",
"roman": "aš-šāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامَ",
"roman": "aš-šāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامِ",
"roman": "aš-šāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "الشَّام",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "الشَّام • (aš-šām) f",
"name": "ar-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "شَام",
"state": "def"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Cities in Syria",
"orig": "ar:Cities in Syria",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "ar:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Places in Syria",
"orig": "ar:Places in Syria",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Old Damascus",
"roman": "aš-šām al-qadīma",
"text": "الشَّام القَدِيمَة",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Damascus (the capital city of Syria)"
],
"id": "en-الشام-ar-name-naMt~VnI",
"links": [
[
"Damascus",
"Damascus#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "دِمَشْق"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "šām",
"word": "شام"
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sham",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Sham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Sham"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "Shâm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hausa: Shâm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hausa: Shâm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Syam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: Syam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: Syam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "Syam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: Syam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: Syam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: شام",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: شام"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "શામ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "शाम",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: शाम (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: शाम (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ab",
"2": "Шьам",
"3": "Шьамтәыла",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Şam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: Şam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: Şam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: شام (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"id": "Damascus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش",
"2": "ء",
"3": "م"
},
"expansion": "ش ء م (š-ʔ-m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش",
"2": "م",
"3": "ل",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ش م ل (š-m-l)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שְׂמֹאל",
"t": "left",
"tr": "s'mól"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "šumēlum",
"3": "𒆏",
"t": "left side",
"tr": "šumēlum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "סְמָלָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic סְמָלָא",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩦𐩱𐩣",
"t": "North"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بِلَاد الشَّام",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)",
"name": "ellipsis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ش ء م (š-ʔ-m), a variant of ش م ل (š-m-l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).\nThe “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "aš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"roman": "aš-šām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامُ",
"roman": "aš-šāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامَ",
"roman": "aš-šāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامِ",
"roman": "aš-šāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "الشَّام",
"2": "m"
},
"expansion": "الشَّام • (aš-šām) m",
"name": "ar-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "شَام",
"state": "def"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Regions of Asia",
"orig": "ar:Regions of Asia",
"parents": [
"Regions",
"Places",
"Asia",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic ellipses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic feminine terms lacking feminine ending",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ء م",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)"
],
"id": "en-الشام-ar-name-GcIiKnW2",
"links": [
[
"Greater Syria",
"Greater Syria#English"
],
[
"Levant",
"Levant#English"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "بِلَاد الشَّام"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "šām",
"word": "شام"
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ajp",
"2": "ar",
"3": "الشَّام"
},
"expansion": "Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "iš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"tr": "iš-šām"
},
"expansion": "الشام • (iš-šām) f",
"name": "ajp-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "South Levantine Arabic",
"lang_code": "ajp",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South Levantine Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ajp",
"name": "Cities in Syria",
"orig": "ajp:Cities in Syria",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ajp",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "ajp:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ajp",
"name": "Places in Syria",
"orig": "ajp:Places in Syria",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Syria; Levant",
"roman": "blād iš-šām",
"word": "بلاد الشام"
},
{
"english": "Damascene; Levantine",
"roman": "šāmi",
"word": "شامي"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Damascus (the capital city of Syria)"
],
"id": "en-الشام-ajp-name-naMt~VnI",
"links": [
[
"Damascus",
"Damascus#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "دمشق"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʃaːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[(ɪ)ʃˈʃæːm]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-AdrianAbdulBaha-الشام.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
{
"categories": [
"Arabic definite nouns",
"Arabic ellipses",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic feminine nouns",
"Arabic feminine terms lacking feminine ending",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic masculine nouns",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"Arabic proper nouns",
"Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ء م",
"Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"id": "Damascus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش",
"2": "ء",
"3": "م"
},
"expansion": "ش ء م (š-ʔ-m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش",
"2": "م",
"3": "ل",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ش م ل (š-m-l)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שְׂמֹאל",
"t": "left",
"tr": "s'mól"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "šumēlum",
"3": "𒆏",
"t": "left side",
"tr": "šumēlum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "סְמָלָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic סְמָלָא",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩦𐩱𐩣",
"t": "North"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بِلَاد الشَّام",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)",
"name": "ellipsis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ش ء م (š-ʔ-m), a variant of ش م ل (š-m-l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).\nThe “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "aš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"roman": "aš-šām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامُ",
"roman": "aš-šāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامَ",
"roman": "aš-šāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامِ",
"roman": "aš-šāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "الشَّام",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "الشَّام • (aš-šām) f",
"name": "ar-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "شَام",
"state": "def"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic terms with usage examples",
"ar:Cities in Syria",
"ar:National capitals",
"ar:Places in Syria"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Old Damascus",
"roman": "aš-šām al-qadīma",
"text": "الشَّام القَدِيمَة",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Damascus (the capital city of Syria)"
],
"links": [
[
"Damascus",
"Damascus#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "دِمَشْق"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "šām",
"word": "شام"
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
{
"categories": [
"Arabic definite nouns",
"Arabic ellipses",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic feminine nouns",
"Arabic feminine terms lacking feminine ending",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic masculine nouns",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"Arabic proper nouns",
"Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ء م",
"Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sham",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Sham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Sham"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "Shâm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hausa: Shâm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hausa: Shâm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Syam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: Syam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: Syam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "Syam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: Syam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: Syam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: شام",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: شام"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "શામ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "शाम",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: शाम (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: शाम (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ab",
"2": "Шьам",
"3": "Шьамтәыла",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Şam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: Şam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: Şam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: شام (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"id": "Damascus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش",
"2": "ء",
"3": "م"
},
"expansion": "ش ء م (š-ʔ-m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش",
"2": "م",
"3": "ل",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ش م ل (š-m-l)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שְׂמֹאל",
"t": "left",
"tr": "s'mól"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "šumēlum",
"3": "𒆏",
"t": "left side",
"tr": "šumēlum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "סְמָלָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic סְמָלָא",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩦𐩱𐩣",
"t": "North"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بِلَاد الشَّام",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)",
"name": "ellipsis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ش ء م (š-ʔ-m), a variant of ش م ل (š-m-l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).\nThe “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "aš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"roman": "aš-šām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامُ",
"roman": "aš-šāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامَ",
"roman": "aš-šāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامِ",
"roman": "aš-šāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "الشَّام",
"2": "m"
},
"expansion": "الشَّام • (aš-šām) m",
"name": "ar-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "شَام",
"state": "def"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ar:Regions of Asia"
],
"glosses": [
"Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)"
],
"links": [
[
"Greater Syria",
"Greater Syria#English"
],
[
"Levant",
"Levant#English"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "بِلَاد الشَّام"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "šām",
"word": "شام"
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "Syria; Levant",
"roman": "blād iš-šām",
"word": "بلاد الشام"
},
{
"english": "Damascene; Levantine",
"roman": "šāmi",
"word": "شامي"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ajp",
"2": "ar",
"3": "الشَّام"
},
"expansion": "Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "iš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"tr": "iš-šām"
},
"expansion": "الشام • (iš-šām) f",
"name": "ajp-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "South Levantine Arabic",
"lang_code": "ajp",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"South Levantine Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"South Levantine Arabic feminine nouns",
"South Levantine Arabic lemmas",
"South Levantine Arabic proper nouns",
"South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic",
"South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic",
"South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ajp:Cities in Syria",
"ajp:National capitals",
"ajp:Places in Syria"
],
"glosses": [
"Damascus (the capital city of Syria)"
],
"links": [
[
"Damascus",
"Damascus#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "دمشق"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʃaːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[(ɪ)ʃˈʃæːm]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-AdrianAbdulBaha-الشام.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
Download raw JSONL data for الشام meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.