See الشام in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"id": "Damascus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش ء م"
},
"expansion": "ش ء م (š ʔ m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش م ل",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ش م ل (š m l)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שְׂמֹאל",
"t": "left",
"tr": "s'mól"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "šumēlum",
"3": "𒆏",
"t": "left side",
"tr": "šumēlum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "סְמָלָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic סְמָלָא",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩦𐩱𐩣",
"t": "North"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بِلَاد الشَّام",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)",
"name": "ellipsis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ش ء م (š ʔ m), a variant of ش م ل (š m l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).\nThe “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "aš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"roman": "aš-šām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامُ",
"roman": "aš-šāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامَ",
"roman": "aš-šāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامِ",
"roman": "aš-šāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "شام",
"roman": "šām",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "الشَّام",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "الشَّام • (aš-šām) f",
"name": "ar-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "شَام",
"state": "def"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Ancient Near East",
"orig": "ar:Ancient Near East",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Ancient settlements",
"orig": "ar:Ancient settlements",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Cities in Syria",
"orig": "ar:Cities in Syria",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Damascus",
"orig": "ar:Damascus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Former capitals",
"orig": "ar:Former capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "ar:National capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Places in Syria",
"orig": "ar:Places in Syria",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic ellipses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Old Damascus",
"roman": "aš-šām al-qadīma",
"text": "الشَّام القَدِيمَة",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)"
],
"id": "en-الشام-ar-name-xhBIyjej",
"links": [
[
"Damascus",
"Damascus#English:_Q3766"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Umayyad Caliphate",
"w:Umayyad Caliphate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "دِمَشْق"
}
]
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sham",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Sham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Sham"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "Shâm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hausa: Shâm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hausa: Shâm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Syam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: Syam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: Syam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "Syam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: Syam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: Syam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: شام",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: شام"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "શામ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "शाम",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: शाम (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: शाम (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ab",
"2": "Шьам",
"3": "Шьамтәыла",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "Sham",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ladino: Sham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ladino: Sham"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Şam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: Şam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: Şam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: شام (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"id": "Damascus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش ء م"
},
"expansion": "ش ء م (š ʔ m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش م ل",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ش م ل (š m l)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שְׂמֹאל",
"t": "left",
"tr": "s'mól"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "šumēlum",
"3": "𒆏",
"t": "left side",
"tr": "šumēlum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "סְמָלָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic סְמָלָא",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩦𐩱𐩣",
"t": "North"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بِلَاد الشَّام",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)",
"name": "ellipsis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ش ء م (š ʔ m), a variant of ش م ل (š m l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).\nThe “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "aš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"roman": "aš-šām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامُ",
"roman": "aš-šāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامَ",
"roman": "aš-šāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامِ",
"roman": "aš-šāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "شام",
"roman": "šām",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "الشَّام",
"2": "m"
},
"expansion": "الشَّام • (aš-šām) m",
"name": "ar-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "شَام",
"state": "def"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ar",
"name": "Geographic and cultural areas of Asia",
"orig": "ar:Geographic and cultural areas of Asia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic ellipses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic feminine terms lacking feminine ending",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ء م",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)"
],
"id": "en-الشام-ar-name-5e3OgZ78",
"links": [
[
"Levant",
"Levant#English:_Q81483"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Mediterranean",
"Mediterranean"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria"
],
[
"Lebanon",
"Lebanon"
],
[
"Israel",
"Israel"
],
[
"Palestine",
"Palestine"
],
[
"Jordan",
"Jordan"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "بِلَاد الشَّام"
}
]
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
{
"categories": [
"Arabic definite nouns",
"Arabic ellipses",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic feminine nouns",
"Arabic feminine terms lacking feminine ending",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic masculine nouns",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"Arabic proper nouns",
"Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ء م",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"id": "Damascus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش ء م"
},
"expansion": "ش ء م (š ʔ m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش م ل",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ش م ل (š m l)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שְׂמֹאל",
"t": "left",
"tr": "s'mól"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "šumēlum",
"3": "𒆏",
"t": "left side",
"tr": "šumēlum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "סְמָלָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic סְמָלָא",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩦𐩱𐩣",
"t": "North"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بِلَاد الشَّام",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)",
"name": "ellipsis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ش ء م (š ʔ m), a variant of ش م ل (š m l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).\nThe “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "aš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"roman": "aš-šām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامُ",
"roman": "aš-šāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامَ",
"roman": "aš-šāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامِ",
"roman": "aš-šāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "شام",
"roman": "šām",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "الشَّام",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "الشَّام • (aš-šām) f",
"name": "ar-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "شَام",
"state": "def"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic terms with usage examples",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"ar:Ancient Near East",
"ar:Ancient settlements",
"ar:Cities in Syria",
"ar:Damascus",
"ar:Former capitals",
"ar:National capitals",
"ar:Places in Syria"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Old Damascus",
"roman": "aš-šām al-qadīma",
"text": "الشَّام القَدِيمَة",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)"
],
"links": [
[
"Damascus",
"Damascus#English:_Q3766"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Umayyad Caliphate",
"w:Umayyad Caliphate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "دِمَشْق"
}
]
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
{
"categories": [
"Arabic definite nouns",
"Arabic ellipses",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic feminine nouns",
"Arabic feminine terms lacking feminine ending",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic masculine nouns",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"Arabic proper nouns",
"Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ء م",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sham",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Sham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Sham"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "Shâm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hausa: Shâm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hausa: Shâm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Syam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: Syam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: Syam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "Syam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: Syam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: Syam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: شام",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: شام"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "શામ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "शाम",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: शाम (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: शाम (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ab",
"2": "Шьам",
"3": "Шьамтәыла",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "Sham",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ladino: Sham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ladino: Sham"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Şam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: Şam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: Şam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: شام (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"id": "Damascus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش ء م"
},
"expansion": "ش ء م (š ʔ m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ش م ل",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ش م ل (š m l)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שְׂמֹאל",
"t": "left",
"tr": "s'mól"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "šumēlum",
"3": "𒆏",
"t": "left side",
"tr": "šumēlum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "סְמָלָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic סְמָלָא",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩦𐩱𐩣",
"t": "North"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بِلَاد الشَّام",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)",
"name": "ellipsis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root ش ء م (š ʔ m), a variant of ش م ل (š m l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).\nThe “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "aš-šām",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّام",
"roman": "aš-šām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامُ",
"roman": "aš-šāmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامَ",
"roman": "aš-šāma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الشَّامِ",
"roman": "aš-šāmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "شام",
"roman": "šām",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "الشَّام",
"2": "m"
},
"expansion": "الشَّام • (aš-šām) m",
"name": "ar-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "شَام",
"state": "def"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ar:Geographic and cultural areas of Asia"
],
"glosses": [
"Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)"
],
"links": [
[
"Levant",
"Levant#English:_Q81483"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Mediterranean",
"Mediterranean"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria"
],
[
"Lebanon",
"Lebanon"
],
[
"Israel",
"Israel"
],
[
"Palestine",
"Palestine"
],
[
"Jordan",
"Jordan"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "بِلَاد الشَّام"
}
]
}
],
"word": "الشام"
}
Download raw JSONL data for الشام meaning in Arabic (11.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Arabic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.