See ча on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ча meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "cjj"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča) class jj",
"name": "ce-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chechen entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"id": "en-ча-ce-noun-vJi7UOgJ",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "cdd"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča) class dd",
"name": "ce-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chechen entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw"
],
"id": "en-ча-ce-noun-6foEU4aU",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "cjj"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča) class jj",
"name": "inh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ingush",
"lang_code": "inh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingush entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"id": "en-ча-inh-noun-vJi7UOgJ",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "cd"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča) class d",
"name": "inh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ingush",
"lang_code": "inh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingush entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw"
],
"id": "en-ча-inh-noun-6foEU4aU",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "niv",
"2": "ja",
"3": "茶",
"tr": "cha"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 茶 (cha)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Japanese 茶 (cha).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ț’a",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "niv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ча (ț’a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Nivkh",
"lang_code": "niv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nivkh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South Sakhalin Nivkh",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tea"
],
"id": "en-ча-niv-noun-qfdNHsNu",
"links": [
[
"tea",
"tea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Sakhalin) tea"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "ț’aj",
"tags": [
"Amur",
"East",
"Sakhalin"
],
"word": "чай"
}
],
"tags": [
"Sakhalin",
"South"
]
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*yā(y)",
"t": "bow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "йәйә",
"t": "bow"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir йәйә (yəyə, “bow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "жаа",
"t": "bow"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz жаа (jaa, “bow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”).\nCognate with Bashkir йәйә (yəyə, “bow”), Kyrgyz жаа (jaa, “bow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ça",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "чаны",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "чалар",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "чаны",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "чалар",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ча • (ça) (definite accusative чаны, plural чалар)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ны",
"2": "лар"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ça) (definite accusative чаны, plural чалар)",
"name": "tyv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tuvan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bow (weapon used with arrows)"
],
"id": "en-ча-tyv-noun-pMOtyMxV",
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uby",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ubykh",
"lang_code": "uby",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"milk"
],
"id": "en-ча-uby-noun-iCXnZTD4",
"links": [
[
"milk",
"milk"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 31 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ubykh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rider"
],
"id": "en-ча-uby-noun-W2xeAZ0M",
"links": [
[
"rider",
"rider"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʃʰa]"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uby",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ubykh",
"lang_code": "uby",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 31 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ubykh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I lean on it.",
"roman": "Səğaačan.",
"text": "Сыӷаачан.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lean on"
],
"id": "en-ча-uby-verb-57DHaLYE",
"links": [
[
"lean on",
"lean on"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 31 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ubykh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I finish it.",
"roman": "Asəčan.",
"text": "Асычан.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to finish"
],
"id": "en-ча-uby-verb-LwsgfTSu",
"links": [
[
"finish",
"finish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʃʰa]"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chechen class dd nouns",
"Chechen class jj nouns",
"Chechen entries with incorrect language header",
"Chechen lemmas",
"Chechen nouns",
"Chechen terms derived from Proto-Nakh",
"Chechen terms inherited from Proto-Nakh",
"Chechen terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "cjj"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča) class jj",
"name": "ce-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chechen class dd nouns",
"Chechen entries with incorrect language header",
"Chechen lemmas",
"Chechen nouns",
"Chechen terms derived from Proto-Nakh",
"Chechen terms inherited from Proto-Nakh",
"Chechen terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "cdd"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča) class dd",
"name": "ce-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"straw"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingush class d nouns",
"Ingush class jj nouns",
"Ingush entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingush lemmas",
"Ingush nouns",
"Ingush terms derived from Proto-Nakh",
"Ingush terms inherited from Proto-Nakh",
"Ingush terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "cjj"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča) class jj",
"name": "inh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ingush",
"lang_code": "inh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingush class d nouns",
"Ingush entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingush lemmas",
"Ingush nouns",
"Ingush terms derived from Proto-Nakh",
"Ingush terms inherited from Proto-Nakh",
"Ingush terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "cau-nkh-pro",
"3": "*ča"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ča.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "cd"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča) class d",
"name": "inh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ingush",
"lang_code": "inh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"straw"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "niv",
"2": "ja",
"3": "茶",
"tr": "cha"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 茶 (cha)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Japanese 茶 (cha).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ț’a",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "niv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ча (ț’a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Nivkh",
"lang_code": "niv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "ț’aj",
"tags": [
"Amur",
"East",
"Sakhalin"
],
"word": "чай"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Nivkh entries with incorrect language header",
"Nivkh lemmas",
"Nivkh nouns",
"Nivkh terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Nivkh terms derived from Japanese",
"South Sakhalin Nivkh"
],
"glosses": [
"tea"
],
"links": [
[
"tea",
"tea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Sakhalin) tea"
],
"tags": [
"Sakhalin",
"South"
]
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*yā(y)",
"t": "bow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "йәйә",
"t": "bow"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir йәйә (yəyə, “bow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "жаа",
"t": "bow"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz жаа (jaa, “bow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”).\nCognate with Bashkir йәйә (yəyə, “bow”), Kyrgyz жаа (jaa, “bow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ça",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "чаны",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "чалар",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "чаны",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "чалар",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ча • (ça) (definite accusative чаны, plural чалар)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ны",
"2": "лар"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ça) (definite accusative чаны, plural чалар)",
"name": "tyv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tuvan entries with incorrect language header",
"Tuvan lemmas",
"Tuvan nouns",
"Tuvan terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Tuvan terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"bow (weapon used with arrows)"
],
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ubykh entries with incorrect language header",
"Ubykh lemmas",
"Ubykh nouns",
"Ubykh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ubykh verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uby",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ubykh",
"lang_code": "uby",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"milk"
],
"links": [
[
"milk",
"milk"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rider"
],
"links": [
[
"rider",
"rider"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʃʰa]"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ubykh entries with incorrect language header",
"Ubykh lemmas",
"Ubykh nouns",
"Ubykh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ubykh verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ča",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uby",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ча • (ča)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ubykh",
"lang_code": "uby",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ubykh terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I lean on it.",
"roman": "Səğaačan.",
"text": "Сыӷаачан.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lean on"
],
"links": [
[
"lean on",
"lean on"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ubykh terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I finish it.",
"roman": "Asəčan.",
"text": "Асычан.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to finish"
],
"links": [
[
"finish",
"finish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tʃʰa]"
}
],
"word": "ча"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.