"высвободиться" meaning in All languages combined

See высвободиться on Wiktionary

Verb [Russian]

IPA: [ˈvɨsvəbədʲɪt͡sə] Audio: LL-Q7737 (rus)-Cinemantique-высвободиться.wav
Etymology: вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ) + -ся (-sja) Etymology templates: {{af|ru|вы́свободить|-ся}} вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ) + -ся (-sja) Head templates: {{ru-verb|вы́свободиться|pf|impf=высвобожда́ться}} вы́свободиться • (výsvoboditʹsja) pf (imperfective высвобожда́ться) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|pf|4a|вы́свободиться}} Forms: вы́свободиться [canonical], výsvoboditʹsja [romanization], высвобожда́ться [imperfective], perfective [table-tags], вы́свободиться [infinitive, perfective], - [active, participle, present], вы́свободившийся [active, participle, past], - [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, past], - [adverbial, participle, present], вы́свободившись [adverbial, participle, past], - [first-person, present, singular], вы́свобожусь [first-person, future, singular], - [present, second-person, singular], вы́свободишься [future, second-person, singular], - [present, singular, third-person], вы́свободится [future, singular, third-person], - [first-person, plural, present], вы́свободимся [first-person, future, plural], - [plural, present, second-person], вы́свободитесь [future, plural, second-person], - [plural, present, third-person], вы́свободятся [future, plural, third-person], вы́свободись [imperative, singular], вы́свободитесь [imperative, plural], вы́свободился [masculine, past, singular], вы́свободились [masculine, past, plural], вы́свободилась [feminine, past, singular], вы́свободились [feminine, past, plural], вы́свободилось [neuter, past, singular], вы́свободились [neuter, past, plural]
  1. to get free from [+ из (genitive)]
    Sense id: en-высвободиться-ru-verb-sO0j1iPm Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian terms suffixed with -ся Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 54 25 21 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -ся: 44 28 28
  2. to be vacant, to be free
    Sense id: en-высвободиться-ru-verb-spSn~Igu
  3. passive of вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ) Tags: form-of, passive Form of: вы́свободить (extra: výsvoboditʹ)
    Sense id: en-высвободиться-ru-verb-lKf2qvjv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: высвобожда́ть (vysvoboždátʹ) [imperfective], вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ) [perfective], высвобожде́ние (vysvoboždénije), свобо́да (svobóda), свобо́дный (svobódnyj), свобо́дно (svobódno), освобожда́ть (osvoboždátʹ) [imperfective], освободи́ть (osvobodítʹ) [perfective]

Download JSON data for высвободиться meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "вы́свободить",
        "3": "-ся"
      },
      "expansion": "вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "вы́свободиться",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "výsvoboditʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "высвобожда́ться",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4a perfective reflexive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободиться",
      "roman": "výsvoboditʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободившийся",
      "roman": "výsvobodivšijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободившись",
      "roman": "výsvobodivšisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свобожусь",
      "roman": "výsvobožusʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободишься",
      "roman": "výsvobodišʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободится",
      "roman": "výsvoboditsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободимся",
      "roman": "výsvobodimsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободитесь",
      "roman": "výsvoboditesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободятся",
      "roman": "výsvobodjatsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободись",
      "roman": "výsvobodisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободитесь",
      "roman": "výsvoboditesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободился",
      "roman": "výsvobodilsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободились",
      "roman": "výsvobodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободилась",
      "roman": "výsvobodilasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободились",
      "roman": "výsvobodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободилось",
      "roman": "výsvobodilosʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободились",
      "roman": "výsvobodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "вы́свободиться",
        "2": "pf",
        "impf": "высвобожда́ться"
      },
      "expansion": "вы́свободиться • (výsvoboditʹsja) pf (imperfective высвобожда́ться)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "2": "4a",
        "3": "вы́свободиться"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "vysvoboždátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "высвобожда́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "výsvoboditʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вы́свободить"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "vysvoboždénije",
      "word": "высвобожде́ние"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "svobóda",
      "word": "свобо́да"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "svobódnyj",
      "word": "свобо́дный"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "svobódno",
      "word": "свобо́дно"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "osvoboždátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "освобожда́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "osvobodítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "освободи́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "54 25 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 28 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ся",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to get free from someone's grasp (literally, “to get free from someone's hands”)",
          "roman": "výsvoboditʹsja iz čʹíx-libo ruk",
          "text": "вы́свободиться из чьи́х-либо рук",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to get free from [+ из (genitive)]",
        "to get free from"
      ],
      "id": "en-высвободиться-ru-verb-sO0j1iPm",
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "free",
          "free"
        ],
        [
          "from",
          "from"
        ],
        [
          "из",
          "из#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "to get free from [+ из (genitive)]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the room became vacant",
          "roman": "výsvobodilosʹ pomeščénije",
          "text": "вы́свободилось помеще́ние",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be vacant, to be free"
      ],
      "id": "en-высвободиться-ru-verb-spSn~Igu",
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "vacant",
          "vacant"
        ],
        [
          "free",
          "free"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "výsvoboditʹ",
          "word": "вы́свободить"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "passive of вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ)"
      ],
      "id": "en-высвободиться-ru-verb-lKf2qvjv",
      "links": [
        [
          "вы́свободить",
          "высвободить#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "passive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvɨsvəbədʲɪt͡sə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7737 (rus)-Cinemantique-высвободиться.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Cinemantique-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Cinemantique-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Cinemantique-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Cinemantique-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "высвободиться"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 5-syllable words",
    "Russian class 4 verbs",
    "Russian class 4a verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian perfective verbs",
    "Russian reflexive verbs",
    "Russian terms suffixed with -ся",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "вы́свободить",
        "3": "-ся"
      },
      "expansion": "вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "вы́свободиться",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "výsvoboditʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "высвобожда́ться",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4a perfective reflexive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободиться",
      "roman": "výsvoboditʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободившийся",
      "roman": "výsvobodivšijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободившись",
      "roman": "výsvobodivšisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свобожусь",
      "roman": "výsvobožusʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободишься",
      "roman": "výsvobodišʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободится",
      "roman": "výsvoboditsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободимся",
      "roman": "výsvobodimsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободитесь",
      "roman": "výsvoboditesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободятся",
      "roman": "výsvobodjatsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободись",
      "roman": "výsvobodisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободитесь",
      "roman": "výsvoboditesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободился",
      "roman": "výsvobodilsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободились",
      "roman": "výsvobodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободилась",
      "roman": "výsvobodilasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободились",
      "roman": "výsvobodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободилось",
      "roman": "výsvobodilosʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́свободились",
      "roman": "výsvobodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "вы́свободиться",
        "2": "pf",
        "impf": "высвобожда́ться"
      },
      "expansion": "вы́свободиться • (výsvoboditʹsja) pf (imperfective высвобожда́ться)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "2": "4a",
        "3": "вы́свободиться"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "vysvoboždátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "высвобожда́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "výsvoboditʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вы́свободить"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vysvoboždénije",
      "word": "высвобожде́ние"
    },
    {
      "roman": "svobóda",
      "word": "свобо́да"
    },
    {
      "roman": "svobódnyj",
      "word": "свобо́дный"
    },
    {
      "roman": "svobódno",
      "word": "свобо́дно"
    },
    {
      "roman": "osvoboždátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "освобожда́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "osvobodítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "освободи́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to get free from someone's grasp (literally, “to get free from someone's hands”)",
          "roman": "výsvoboditʹsja iz čʹíx-libo ruk",
          "text": "вы́свободиться из чьи́х-либо рук",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to get free from [+ из (genitive)]",
        "to get free from"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "free",
          "free"
        ],
        [
          "from",
          "from"
        ],
        [
          "из",
          "из#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "to get free from [+ из (genitive)]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the room became vacant",
          "roman": "výsvobodilosʹ pomeščénije",
          "text": "вы́свободилось помеще́ние",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be vacant, to be free"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "vacant",
          "vacant"
        ],
        [
          "free",
          "free"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "výsvoboditʹ",
          "word": "вы́свободить"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "passive of вы́свободить (výsvoboditʹ)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "вы́свободить",
          "высвободить#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "passive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvɨsvəbədʲɪt͡sə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7737 (rus)-Cinemantique-высвободиться.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Cinemantique-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Cinemantique-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Cinemantique-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Cinemantique-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "высвободиться"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.