See возач on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for возач meaning in All languages combined (9.2kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "во́зя",
"3": "-ач",
"t1": "to transport"
},
"expansion": "во́зя (vózja, “to transport”) + -ач (-ač)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "во́зя (vózja, “to transport”) + -ач (-ač)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "воза́ч",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vozáč",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́ч",
"roman": "vozáč",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чи",
"roman": "vozáči",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чът",
"roman": "vozáčǎt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чите",
"roman": "vozáčite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́ча",
"roman": "vozáča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чите",
"roman": "vozáčite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чо",
"roman": "vozáčo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чи",
"roman": "vozáči",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "воза́ч",
"2": "m",
"f": "воза́чка"
},
"expansion": "воза́ч • (vozáč) m (feminine воза́чка)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "воза́ч<(h)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "carriage",
"roman": "voz",
"word": "воз"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "vozár",
"word": "воза́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "vozítel",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "вози́тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "exporter",
"roman": "izvozváč",
"word": "извозва́ч"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "transporter",
"roman": "prevozváč",
"word": "превозва́ч"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"driver (agent)"
],
"id": "en-возач-bg-noun-Dci3PsP8",
"links": [
[
"driver",
"driver"
]
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ач",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"transporter (device)"
],
"id": "en-возач-bg-noun-K9NS5372",
"links": [
[
"transporter",
"transporter"
]
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[voˈzat͡ʃ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-возач.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "возач"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "вози",
"3": "-ач",
"t1": "to drive"
},
"expansion": "вози (vozi, “to drive”) + -ач (-ač)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From вози (vozi, “to drive”) + -ач (-ač).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vozač",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачки",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "возач",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачот",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "возачите",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "возачов",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачиве",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "возачон",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачине",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возача",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "возачи",
"adj": "возачки"
},
"expansion": "возач • (vozač) m (plural возачи, relational adjective возачки)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "возачје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "возача",
"def_dist_pl": "возачине",
"def_dist_sg": "возачон",
"def_prox_pl": "возачиве",
"def_prox_sg": "возачов",
"def_unsp_pl": "возачите",
"def_unsp_sg": "возачот",
"ind_pl": "возачи",
"ind_sg": "возач",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "возачи",
"voc_sg": "возачу",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian terms suffixed with -ач",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"driver, chauffeur"
],
"id": "en-возач-mk-noun-ycH1akVi",
"links": [
[
"driver",
"driver"
],
[
"chauffeur",
"chauffeur"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɔzat͡ʃ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-возач.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "возач"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "во̀за̄ч",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "vòzāč",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "во̀за̄ч",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́ча",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возача",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возача",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возаче",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "возачу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачем",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "во̀за̄ч"
},
"expansion": "во̀за̄ч m (Latin spelling vòzāč)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"во‧зач"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "во̀за̄ч",
"10": "возачи",
"11": "возачу",
"12": "возачима",
"13": "возачем",
"14": "возачима",
"2": "возачи",
"3": "воза́ча",
"4": "возача",
"5": "возачу",
"6": "возачима",
"7": "возача",
"8": "возаче",
"9": "возачу"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"driver (person who drives a motorized vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-возач-sh-noun-WJVRiUtl",
"links": [
[
"driver",
"driver"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋǒzaːt͡ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "возач"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian dialectal terms",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian masculine nouns",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ач",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "во́зя",
"3": "-ач",
"t1": "to transport"
},
"expansion": "во́зя (vózja, “to transport”) + -ач (-ač)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "во́зя (vózja, “to transport”) + -ач (-ač)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "воза́ч",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vozáč",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́ч",
"roman": "vozáč",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чи",
"roman": "vozáči",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чът",
"roman": "vozáčǎt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чите",
"roman": "vozáčite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́ча",
"roman": "vozáča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чите",
"roman": "vozáčite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чо",
"roman": "vozáčo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́чи",
"roman": "vozáči",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "воза́ч",
"2": "m",
"f": "воза́чка"
},
"expansion": "воза́ч • (vozáč) m (feminine воза́чка)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "воза́ч<(h)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "carriage",
"roman": "voz",
"word": "воз"
},
{
"roman": "vozár",
"word": "воза́р"
},
{
"roman": "vozítel",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "вози́тел"
},
{
"english": "exporter",
"roman": "izvozváč",
"word": "извозва́ч"
},
{
"english": "transporter",
"roman": "prevozváč",
"word": "превозва́ч"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"driver (agent)"
],
"links": [
[
"driver",
"driver"
]
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"transporter (device)"
],
"links": [
[
"transporter",
"transporter"
]
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[voˈzat͡ʃ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-возач.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "возач"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "вози",
"3": "-ач",
"t1": "to drive"
},
"expansion": "вози (vozi, “to drive”) + -ач (-ač)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From вози (vozi, “to drive”) + -ач (-ač).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vozač",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачки",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "возач",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачот",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "возачите",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "возачов",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачиве",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "возачон",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачине",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возача",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "возачи",
"adj": "возачки"
},
"expansion": "возач • (vozač) m (plural возачи, relational adjective возачки)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "возачје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "возача",
"def_dist_pl": "возачине",
"def_dist_sg": "возачон",
"def_prox_pl": "возачиве",
"def_prox_sg": "возачов",
"def_unsp_pl": "возачите",
"def_unsp_sg": "возачот",
"ind_pl": "возачи",
"ind_sg": "возач",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "возачи",
"voc_sg": "возачу",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian masculine nouns",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms suffixed with -ач",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Macedonian terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"driver, chauffeur"
],
"links": [
[
"driver",
"driver"
],
[
"chauffeur",
"chauffeur"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɔzat͡ʃ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-возач.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "возач"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "во̀за̄ч",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "vòzāč",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "во̀за̄ч",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "воза́ча",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возача",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возача",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возаче",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "возачи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "возачу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "возачем",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "возачима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "во̀за̄ч"
},
"expansion": "во̀за̄ч m (Latin spelling vòzāč)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"во‧зач"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "во̀за̄ч",
"10": "возачи",
"11": "возачу",
"12": "возачима",
"13": "возачем",
"14": "возачима",
"2": "возачи",
"3": "воза́ча",
"4": "возача",
"5": "возачу",
"6": "возачима",
"7": "возача",
"8": "возаче",
"9": "возачу"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"driver (person who drives a motorized vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"driver",
"driver"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋǒzaːt͡ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "возач"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.